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Mia Cortez Period 5 Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Mia Cortez Period 5 Digestive & Urinary System
Nephron Anatomy & Physiology
1 Mil. per kidney
Functional unit of kidney ; Can produce urine independently ( function)
Consists of Renal Corpuscle & Renal Tubule
Renal Corpuscle:
Consists of: cluster of capillaries, glomerulus, & glomerular capsule (cup shaped sac that recieves filtrate)
Filtration structure in renal cortex (Performs first step of urine formation)
Renal Tubule
:
Glomerular capsule (expanded proximal)
Proximal Convoluted tubule
Nephron loop (descending & ascending loop)
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting Duct
Several distal convoluted tubules join = collecting duct, passes from renal cortex into renal medulla, emptying into a minor calyx at papilla
•major organs of the digestive system
Small Intestine
Recieves chyme from stomach
Recieves pancreatic juice from pancreas & bile from liver / gallbladder
Finishes digestive of nutrients that arrive in chyme
Absorbs digestive end products
Transports remaining residue to large intestine
Gallbladder
: Stores bile between meals & reabsorbs water to concentrate the bile
Liver
:Maintains proper blood concentration of glucose other nutrients
Pancreas
: Produce pancreatic juice that aids digestion
Stomach
: Receives food from the esophagus, mixes food w/ digestive juice, & begins digestion of proteins
Esophagus
: Helps prevent regurgitation of the stomach contents into the esophagus
Large Intestine
Does not digest or absorb nutrients
Mucus helps pass remaining chyme along large
Absorbs electrolyte & water
Major Functions of The Urinary System
Helps
maintain normal concentration of electrolytes & water
Regulates
pH & body fluid volume
Filters
salt and wastes from blood
Helps
control red blood cell production & blood pressure
Major functions of the Digestive system
Mechanical
: Breaks down large pieces of food into smaller ones; chemical composition is not changed by this process
Chemical
: Breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules, by breaking down chemical bonds
Mechanical & chemical break down of food; absorption of nutrients
Major Organs of The Urinary System
Ureters
:Transports urine from kidney to bladder
Urinary Bladder :
Stores urine
Kidneys
: Filter blood
Urethra
: Conveys urine to outside of body
Digestive Enzymes
Proteolitic (Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase)
Breaks down proteins or partially digested proteins into peptides
Nucleases
: Breaks down nucleic acids to nucleotides
pancreatic Lipase
: Breaks down fats to fatty acids / glycerole
Peptidase
: Breaks down peptides to amino acids
Pancreatic Amylase
: Breaks down starch into disaccharides
Sucrose, maltase lactase
: Breaks down disaccharids to moasaccharides
Pepsin
: Begins protein digestion
Lintestinal lipase
: Breaks down fatty acids & glycerol
Salivary Amylase:
Begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking down starch
Enterokinase
Converts trypsinogen to trypsin
Layers of GI Tract / Stomach
Submucosa
consists of loose connective, housing blood, lymphatic vesseles, nerves, & glands
Function
: Nourishes the surrounding layers of the canal
Lies under mucosa
Muscularis
Consists of 2 layers of smooth: Inner circular & outer longitudinal
Function :
propels food through the canal
Mucosa:
Function
: Protect tissue of canal & Carry on secretion & absorption of dietary nutrients
Mucous membrane that surrounds the lumen of the tube
Inner layer of wall
Consists of epithelium, underlying connective, a little smooth muscle
Serosa
Outer serous layer, or visceral pertoneum
Function
: Protects underlying tissue & secretes serous fluid to reduce friction between organs
Stomach
Pyloris
: Distal portion, near small intestine
Pyloric Canal
: narrowed area close to small intestine
Body Region :
Main portion of stomach, between fundus & pyloris
Pyloric Sphincter
: End of Pyloric canal
Fundus
: Small rounded region, superior to cardia
Cardia
(
c
) : Small region near opening to esophagus
Disorders of the Digestive & Urinary System
Urinary
Kidney Stones:
Urine containing dissolved minerals,& salts, hard stones, formed & painful
Causes /Risks
: Too much calcium in urine, uric acid crystals, & too much crystals in urine
Symptoms:
Intense need to urinate, burning when urinating, &
Treatment
: URS, laparoscopic surgery , & PCNL
UTI:
Causes / Risks:
Diabetes , sexually active, & pregnant
Symptoms:
Fever, back pain, & pain when urinating
Adnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along urinary tract
Treatment:
: Antibiotics, medication, & penicillin
Bladder cancer
Causes / Risk Factors
: Smoking, cancer drug, & family inhertance
Symptoms:
Pain when urinating, back pain, & pain in lower abdomen
Cells of bladder grow abnormally
Treatment : Well balanced diet, Limit exposure to chemicals, & radiation to pelvis
Digestive
Inflammatory Bowel (IBD)
Causes / Risks:
Uknown ; possibly genetics, immune, & environmental
Symptoms
: Cramping, diarrhea, & fever
Chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in digestive tract
Treatment
: Surgery, medication, & antibiotics
Peptic Ulcers
Symptoms
: Heartburn, nausea, & bloody vomit
Treatment
: Lifestyle changes , medication, & endoscopic surgery
Causes or risks
: Bacterial infection, stress, & smoking
Sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
Causes / risks:
Frequent acid reflexes, obesity, & pregnancy
Chronic disease that occurs when the esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing the contents of the stomach to move back to the esophagus
Symptoms
: Chest pain, heart burn, & dry cough
Treatment
: Surgery, prescription medication, & over the counter medication
Colon Diseases
Spastic Colon
Causes / risks
: Diet, Life style, & stress
Symptoms
: Abdominal pain , cramping & diarrhea
IBS abdominal conoitions
Treatment :
Medication, life style change, & diet
Diverticultis
Pouches form on wall of colon
Causes / risks
: Age, infection, & obesity
Symptoms
: LLQ pain, fever/chills, & bloating/ gas
Treatment
: Antibiotics, surgery, & medication
cholecystitis
Causes or Risks
: Digestive tumors, gallstones, & female
Inflammation of gallbladder
Symptoms:
Tender abdomen, sweating, & nausea
Treatment :
Medication, fasting, & antibiotics
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
First food enters your mouth and salivary glads secrete saliva which breaks down food particles; amylase that the salivary glands produce lubricating and binding muscles which binds food together. This forces a bolus to be made
Then it goes to the pharynx (oropharynx) and the epiglottis closes off the larynx, and the perstaltic waves begins and the food goes towards the esophavus.
From the the esophagus's mucus glands scatters mucuc the lining of the tube to moisten iin.
Rugae receives the food, mixes it w/ digestive juice and begins digestion of proteins.
The gastric glands open into the lumen of the gastric pits and secretes, mucus cells that protect lining of stomach, chief cells that secrete pepsin to digest proteins, & parietal cells which secrete hydrochloric acid that activates pepsinogen for digestion
After a meal mixing actions of stomach turn food into chyme which enters through the duodenum in small amounts through pyloric sphincter
The pancreas contains enzymes to digest carbohydrates, fats, proteins, & nucleic acid
The liver metabolizes carbohyrdates, lipids, & proteins
Last the small intestine absorbs digestive ends products and transports the residue to the large intestine to be excreted