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Disaster training, week14 - Coggle Diagram
Disaster training
natural: earthquake
- Human vulnerability
- industrializarion
- environmental degradation
- rapid population growth
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human: coupled: war, Transportation, technological, deserticifaction
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week14
Lecture climate change
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Ted talk 1: Climate change has an impact on health.
- Underprivileged countries are suffering the most from the consequences of climate change.
- People from low social economic background are more likely to experiment the results of climate change.
Heatwave
- Heat illness
- Exacerbate heart and lung conditions
- Asthma
- Traumatic inury
- Water and Foodborne illenesses
- Allergies
- Vector borne diseases
- Emotional stress
Reading Ebie 2017
- climate change affects the frequency, intensity, and duration of heatwaves
- exposure to high ambient temperatures is associated with excess morbidity and mortality
Reading Ziegler 2019
- Addressing the impact of climate change in low-income, urban communities is an important health equity issue, and CBPR can be an effective approach to introduce into non-CBPR research focused on environmental health disparities
- Shifting from “community-placed” to “community-based” participatory research provides opportunities to enhance the capacity of both community and academic partners, build trust between academic institutions and communities, integrate local knowledge to strengthen and enrich analysis, and interpret and disseminate research findings in ways that are more relevant and responsive to impacted communities.
concept map 5
week 15
Lecture 1 Risk communication : a type of communication, a two way exchange between specialist and the public
Goal of risk communication
- Creating an informed public that is involved, interested, reasonable, thoughtful, solution to come up with solutions.
4 types of health communication
- information and education
- behavior change and protective action
- Disaster warning and emergency notificatoion
- joint problem solving and conflict resolution
7 cardinal rules of risk commutication
- accept and involve
- plan and tailor
- listen to audience
- be honest, frank, and open
- Coordinate and collaborate
- Plan for media influence
- speak clearly with compassion
communication models
Risk communication models: Models that describe how people form risk perceptions, process risk information, and make risk decisions
Risk perception model
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Risk perception Video
- Experts and public disagree on how risky
- Knowledge gap could help experts and the general population understand each other.
some factors that influence risk oerception
- Familiarity
- Personal control : flying vs. driving
- Voluntarily vs involuntary
- dreaded vs. non dreaded: falling down the stairs vs. terrorist attack
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Lecture 3: Risk Assessment: the process of identifying and evaluating adverse events that could occur in defined scenarios
- Evaluating combined sources: toxicology, epi., occ. health.
- Mixing science and judgement
Four elements of risk asessment
- hazard identification: does the agent cause adverse effects
- dose- response assessement: what is the relationship between dose and response.
- exposure assessment: what are the types and levels of exposure
- Risk characterization:
Risk management
- De minimus risk
- risk- benefit analysis
- cost benefit anaysis
- Decision analysis
- the precautionary principles
Risk assessment video
Hazard
- Potassium dichromate: toxic and carcinogenic
Risk
- a baker exposed to flour for a long period of time is at risk of developing dermatitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma
low
- probability determined to the level of exposure.
Reading Shapiro 2019
- studies have showed that people (first responders) who were exposed to the WTC are prone do develop different types of cancer
- They found that participant were likely to develop leukemia which is known to occur after exposure to occupational carcinogens including benzene, possibibly at a low levels of exposure and with a latency of several years from exposure
Video 9/11 first responders
- There is an urgent need for restoration for first responders of 9/11
- Many first responders are experiencing different type of diseases due to their exposure to harmful chemicals.
- because of their health issues, they are experiencing financial hardship.
- 18years later, there is not a bill that can help them sustain themselves due to the incapacities caused by their health
Example reading Satarug 2017
- Cadmium (Cd) is a non essential food chain contaaminant
- people are exposed through diet, polluted air and cigarette
- exposure may lead to kidney failure
- There are established provisional tolerable weekly intake limited to 25ug/kg body weight per month
Environment heath policy:subset of policies that affect the relationship between the people's health and their environment
Explicit policies
- clean air standars
- water quality standard
- restauration sanitation
Policy approaches
- ambiant standards
- emissions standards
- technology standards
- product standards
- work practice standard
- exposure standards
developing/revising standards
- there is a need of multidisciplinary scientific evidence
- epi, toxico, ecology etc.
-e.g: clean air act, clean water act etc.
some agencies
- EPA
- DHHS
- D. Agriculture
- D. Trans., etc
Implicit policies
- building codes
- transportation planning
- water quantity
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