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Digestive & Urinary System Israel Medina - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System
Israel Medina
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Filter slat and wastes from blood
Helps maintain normal concentration of electrolytes and water
Regulates pH and body fluid volume
Helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
Nutrient absorption
Digestion
MAJOR ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Kidneys: Filters blood
Ureters: Transports urine from kidneys to bladder
Urinary Bladder: Stores urine
Urethra: Conveys Urine to the outside of the body
MAJOR ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Salivary Glands: Secretes saliva which begins the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates
Mouth: Begins the mechanical breakdown of food
Pharynx: Connects the mouth to the esophagus
Stomach: Secretes acid and enzyme; mixes food with secretions to begin enzymatic digestion of proteins
Liver: produces bile, which emulsifies fat
Gallbladder: stores and concentrates bile and releases it into small intestine
Pancreas: Produces and secretes pancreatic juice, containing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions, into small intestine
Small intestine: Mixes food with bile and pancreatic juice; final enzymatic breakdown of food molecules; main site of nutrient absorption
Large intestine: Absorbs water and electrolytes to form feces
Rectum: Regulates elimination of feces
LOCATION OF AND DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF EACH MACROMOLECULE
DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
Salivary amylase: Begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking down starch into disaccharides
Pepsin: Begins protein digestion
Pancreatic amylase: Breaks down starch into disaccharides
Pancreatic lipase: Breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol
Proteolytic enzymes: Breaks protein or partially digested protein into peptides
LAYERS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
DISORDERS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
GERD: Relaxation of the esophageal sphincter, which allows contents of the stomach to move into the esophagus
Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gall bladder
IBD(Inflammatory Bowel Disease): Chronic intestinal condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract
Peptic ulcers: Sores that develop in the lining of the stomach and duodenum
Polyps: Growths within the colon
Colorectal cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth within the colon
NEPHRON AND NEPHRON STRUCTURE
Renal Corpuscle
Filtration structure in the renal cortex, which performs the first
step of urine formation
Consists of a cluster of capillaries, the glomerulus, and a
glomerular capsule, a cup-shaped sac that receives filtrate
Glomerular capsule is actually the expanded proximal end of
a renal tubule
Nephron:
Functional unit of the kidney; can produce urine independently
Renal Tubule
Glomerular Capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Nephron loop (descending and ascending limbs)
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Collecting Duct
Several distal convoluted tubules join to become a collecting duct, which passes from the renal cortex into the renal medulla, emptying into a minor calyx at the papilla
DISORDERS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Bladder cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth within the bladder
UTI(Urinary Tract Infection)Abnormal growth of bacteria along the urinary tract
Kidney stones: Har stoned formed in urine when salt and mineral levels are high