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The cognitive approach to explaining depression - Coggle Diagram
The cognitive approach to explaining depression
Beck's Negative Triad
Faulty information processing = this is when depressed people attend to the negative aspects of a situation and ignore the positives.
Negative self-schema = a schema acts as framework for the interpretation of sensory information. a self schema is the package of information people have about themselves
beck took a cognitive approach to explaining why some people are more vulnerable to depression. its cognitions that effect this vulnerability. there are three parts to this cognitive vulnerability
people use schemas to interpret all the information about themselves in a negative way
the negative triad = beck suggested that a person develops a dysfunctional view of themselves because of the three types of negative thinking that occur automatically - regardless of what is actually happening
Negative view of the future
negative view of the self
Negative view of the world
Ellis's ABC model
anxiety and depression are irrational thoughts - not illogical or unrealistic thoughts
A - ACTIVATING EVENT
Ellis focused on situations in which irrational thoughts are triggered by external events
we get depressed when we experience negative events and these trigger irrational beliefs
Ellis suggested that good mental health is the result from rational thinking, defined in ways that allow people to be happy and free from pain
B - BELIEFS
He identified a range of irrational beliefs
he called the belief that we must always succeed or achieve perfection 'musturbation' - a belief that it is a major disaster whenever something does not go smoothly
C - CONSEQUENCES
When an activating event triggers irrational beliefs that are emotional and behavioural consequences
research support - BECK :smiley:
Clark and Beck (1999) concluded that not only were these cognitive vulnerabilities more common in depressed people but they precede the depression
Cohen et al. (2019) tracked development of 473 adolescents, regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability. it was found that showing cognitive vulnerability predicted later depression
this shows that there is an association between cognitive vulnerability and depression
cognitive vulnerability refers to ways of thinking that may predispose a person to becoming depressed
real world application - BECK :smiley:
understanding cognitive vulnerability can be applied to CBT. these therapies work by altering the kind of cognitions that make people vulnerable to depression, making them more resilient to negative life events
cognitive vulnerability can be used in many aspects of clinical practice
a strength is the applications in screening and treatment for depression
real world application - Ellis :smiley:
Ellis approach to cognitive therapy is called REBT (rational emotional behavioural therapy)
altering the irrational beliefs that is making them unhappy. REBT can change negative beliefs and relieve the symptoms of depression
in psychological treatment of depression
real world value
reactive and endogenous depression :cry:
Ellis believes that depression is caused by life events and irrational beliefs. however many cases of depression are not traceable to life events and it is not obvious what leads to the person to become depressed at a particular time (endogeoneous)
only a partial explanation
only explains reactive and not endogenous depression