Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System
Major Functions of Urinary Sysystem;
Regulates pH and body fluid volume
Helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes and water
Filters salts and wastes from the blood
Organs of the urinary systems
Ureters, which transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Muscular tube that conveys urine from the kidney to the
urinary bladder
Begins as the funnel-shaped renal pelvis
Kidneys, which filter the blood
Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids
Remove metabolic wastes from the blood in the process,
forming urine
Help control the rate of red blood cell formation
Urinary bladder, which stores urine
Stores urine, and excretes it through the urethra
Portion of the lower bladder forms the internal urethral
sphincter
Hollow, distensible, muscular organ lying in the pelvic cavity
Urethra, which conveys urine to the outside of the body
Contains internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle) and
external urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle)
Tubular organ that transports urine from the urinary bladder to
the outside of the body
Major Functions of Digestive system;
Mastication
mechanical digestion by chewing food
Chemical digestion
break down food with enzymes by breaking chemical bonds
Mechanical digestion
physical break down of food into smaller pieces
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use
Organs of the digestive system
Gallblader; ITs function is to store bile
Pancreas; produce digestive enzymes and secrete insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to help regulate blood glucose levels.
Stomach; J-shaped muscular organ that recieves food from esophagus and mixes food with digestive juices.It also propels food to the small intestine
Large Intestine; hick tube functions to absorb water and electrolytes, and forms feces
Mouth; first portion of the alimentary canal. It recives foo, and begins mechanical digestion by mastication
Liver;largest internal organ in the upper right quadrant of abdominal cavity; secrete bile which breaks down large fat globules into smaller droplets
Small intestine;Consistrs of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Its along tubular organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place
GI Tract; Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract; long muscular "tube" leading from mouth to anus
Digestive enzymes
Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, CXarboxpeptidase; source is the pancreas. IT breaks down proteins or partialy digested preotiens into peptides
Enterokinase; Source is the intestinal mucosal cells. It converts trysinogen into trypsin
Pancreatic lipase; The soutce is the pancreas; It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleases; Source is the pancreas; It breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides
Pancreatic amylase; Source is the pancreas. It breaks down starch into disaccharides
Peptidase; Its source is intestinal mucosal cells. It breaks down peptides into amino acids
Pepsin; Source is Gastric chief cells; Begins protein digestion
Sucrase, maltase, lactase; Source is intestinal mucosal cells; It breaks down dissacharides into monosaccharides
Salviary amylase; Source is salviary glands. Begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking
down starch to disaccharidesh
Intestinal lipase; Source is the intestinal mucosal cells; It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Protiens;nutrients used to build and maintain its cells and tissues and other functions ( enzymes, hormones, antibodies, clotting factor, etc)
Lipids,organic substance that include fats, oils, and cholesterol
Carbohydrates;organic compound used as an energy source; examples: sugars and starches
Layers of the GI tract
MUSCULARIS:Consists of 2 layers of smooth muscle; it propels food through the canal.
SUBMUCOSA; Lies under the mucous. It nourishes the surrounding layers of the canal
SEROSA; The outer serous layer, or visceral peritoneum. It protects underlying tissues, and secretes serous fluid to reduce friction between organs.
MUCOSA; the inner layer of the wall. It protects tissue of the canal.
The wall of the alimentary canal consists of the same 4 layers throughout its length, with variations according to the functions of a specific section of the canal
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Renal Corpuscle;Filtration structure in renal cortex, which performs the first
step of urine formation
Renal tubule consists of the following
Glomerular capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
Functional unit of kidney; can produce urine independently
Collecting duct; Reabsorption of water by osmosis (
Distal convoluted tubule Reabsorption of sodium ions by active transport. Reabsorption of water by osmosis. Secretion of hydrogen and potassium ions both actively and passively
Glomerular capsule Recipient glomerular filtrate
Proximal convoluted tubule: reabsorption of glucose; amino acids; creatine; lactic, uric, oritric, and ascornic acids; phosphat, sulfate, calcium, potassium, and sodium ions
Descending limb of nephron loop; Reabsorption of water by osmosis
Acending limb of nephron loop. Reabsorption of soduim, potassuim, and chloride ions by active transport
Glomerulus Filtration of water and dissolved substances from plasma
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Peptic Ulcers; A break in the lining of the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, or the upper part of the small intestine
a term for two conditions (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) that are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. 1 Prolonged inflammation results in damage to the GI tract
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD); a digestive disorder that occurs when acidic stomach juices, or food and fluids back up from the stomach into the esophagus. GERD affects people of all ages—from infants to older adults.
Colon Diseases; a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition.
Cholecystitis; an inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of an obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis. Ninety percent of cases involve stones in the gallbladder
Disorders of the urinary system;
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI); is an infection in any part of your urinary system — your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and the urethra. Women are at greater risk of developing a UTI than are men.
Kidney Stones; are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. Diet, excess body weight, some medical conditions, and certain supplements and medications are among the many causes of kidney stones. A kidney stone is a hard object that is made from chemicals in the urine.
Bladder Cancer; cancer typically affects older adults. It's usually diagnosed early, when it's still treatable. It's likely to recur, so follow-up tests are typically recommended.The most common symptom is blood in the urine.Treatments include surgery, biological therapy, and chemotherapy.