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ROLE OF THE GOV IN 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF 1848…
ROLE OF THE GOV IN 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES
PUBLIC HEALTH ACT 1848
WHAT WAS IT?
A general board of health was set up that reported to parliament. The three members were Lord Morpeth, Lord Shaftesbury and Edwin Chadwick.
LOCAL AUTHORITIES WERE EMPOWERED TO SET UP LOCAL BOARDS OF HEALTH
10% of rate payers asked for one
the death rate was greater than 23/1,000
Conditions for local boards:
Local boards of health were permitted to appoint a medical officer and pay his wages out of the rates
Local Boards of health were to manage sewers and drains, wells and slaughterhouses.
Local boards of health could finance projects by levying local rates and buying land
REASON FOR OPPOSITION 1850S AND 1860S
-Property owners did not want to pay again through taxes for what they were already paying for.
-Many people felt that the government was encroaching on personal liberties.
Vested interests- directors of water companies were on local boards of health and they wanted to increase profits
Chadwick was seen as a bully
LOCAL GOVERNMENT HEALTH 1858 and PUBLIC HEALTH ACT 1858
The general board of health was abolished
The powers of the general board of health was given to a new local government act office
A medical department of the privy council was set up
1866 SANITARY ACT
WHAT DID IT DO?
-Sanitary powers that had been granted to individual local boards of health were made available to all local boards.
-Local authorities were made to remove 'nusiances to public health'. If they failed to act central government could do the work and charge the authorities.
-Local authorities were given power to improve or demolish slum dwellings.
Key mover was John Simon and parliament took inspiration from his 1865 annual report
First act that caused compulsion
1875 PUBLIC HEALTH ACT
WHAT WAS IT?
Every part of the country had to have a public health authority
-Every public health authority had to have one medical officer and one medical inspector
-Widened powers for authorities to lay sewers and build reservoirs.
1936 PUBLIC HEALTH ACT
-Consolidated previous legislation.
Addressed matters such as sanitation, nuisances and offensive trades, prevention and notification of diseases.
-Extended the food and drugs act 1938 and control of slaughterhouses was added to the list of priorities .
SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF 1848 PH ACT
Because it applied where local people wanted there was little opposition and implementation was smooth.
The act was permissive: it did not apply everywhere to local authorities throughout the country.
-Whilst local boards had considerable powers, they were not required to take on wider public health consideration like parks and baths.
Had a lack of universality as it did not apply in London which had its own act in 1848.
Local boards of health could only be set up when death rate exceeded 23/1,000 and national average was 21/1,000
Demonstated that the government wa prepared to do intervene for the most vulnerable members of society
SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF 1858 PUBLIC HEALTH ACT
The powers of the old board of health were split between the local government act office and the privy council medical department
In the 10 years up to 1868, 568 towns set up boards of health
