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Types of Growth, Lateral meristem - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Apical meristems
        
        Shoot tips
        
        Leaf primordia & shoot primordia will grow to form new leaves & shoots.
        
        Enables plants to increase in height
        
        Root tips
        
        Root cap will become exhausted when they penetrate the soil.
        
        Cause the cell of root cap to be replaced by meristem cells.
- - - - Stem
        
        Starts when vascular cambium divides through mitosis
        
        Cells in cambium ring divides inwards to from new xylem & outwards for phloem. New xylem & phloem become secondary xylem & secondary phloem.
        
        Primary xylem pushed towards pith & primary phloem pushed toward epidermis.
        
        As a result, primary xylem compressed to from stronger wood layer because walls of xylem thickened with lignin.
        
        Thickening lignin provides mechanical support to plants.
        
        When secondary xylem layer compressed, there is addition to circumference of stem causes epidermis of stem to stretch and crack.
        
        Cork cambium divides from corck cells on outer side and cortex on inner side.
        Cork layer protects stem from insect & pathogen attack when epidermis cracked.
      - Root
        
        To increase circumference of root
        
        Vascular cambium cells divide & combine form a complete ring.
        
        Cells in cambium ring divide inwards form secondary xylem & outwards form secondary phloem.
        
        Due to vascular activity, root becomes thicker.
        
        Cork cambium located under epidermis divides form cork cells. Cork cells provide protection to root tissues.
      - Monocots
        
        Plant example
        
        Aloe sp.
        
        Agave sp.
        
        Draceana sp.