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CHAPTER 5: COMPRESSORS, Principles of compression, Basic Operation:,…
CHAPTER 5: COMPRESSORS
Compressor applications
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Application:
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- In a refinery / chemical plant
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Type of compressors
Dynamic
Centrifugal
Basic Operation:
- Gas enters a centrifugal compressor at the suction inlet & is accelerated by moving impellers.
- As high-velocity gas moves through the diffuser into volute, kinetic energy converted into pressure as gas speed slows in the volute before exiting the discharge port.
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It can be:
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Multistage
Designed for high gas flow & high discharge pressure. Deliver the discharge of one stage to the suction of another stage.
Axial force
Basic Operation:
- Rotating blades attached to shaft push gasses over stators (stationary blades)
- As the rotating blades increase the gas velocity, the stator blades slow it down
- Airflow is moved axially along the shaft
- Gas velocity increases as it moves stages by stages until it reaches the discharge line.
- As the gas slows, kinetic energy is released in the form of pressure.
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Features:
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Internal component are sensitive or corrosion, pitting & deposits
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Positive displacement
Rotary
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Sliding Vane Compressors
Basic Operation:
As gas enters the sliding vane compressors, it is captured in vanes and swept around the casing
As the vane rotate toward the discharge, the vane length shortens because of the rotor's eccentric position with the shaft, and volume is decreased
As volume decreases, pressure increases
Then, gas is discharged out of the compressor
Lobe
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Basic Operation:
- 2 impellers move on opposite direction during operation.
- They forcing gas to become trapped & discharge it at higher pressure.
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Reciprocating
Piston Compressors
Basic Operation:
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The back & forth motion incorporated by a reciprocating compressor pull gas on the suction & discharge on the other.
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Entrained water, dirt, & impurities will cause excessive wear on the piston & cylinder.
Advantages:
Flexible pressure range & overall capacity, low power cost & high efficiency
Density & gas composition changes, small volumes & deliver high pressure
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Working principle: Operates by trapping a specific amount of gas, forcing it into a smaller volume and discharge it at higher pressures. Thus, remove a set volume of gas for every rotation / stroke of the primary transfer element.
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Basic Operation:
- Flow enters the device & is moved axially towards the rotors
As rotors rotate towards each other (left rotor turn clockwise, the right rotor rotates counterclockwise), they forcing gas to become trapped & discharge it at higher pressures.
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