Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Digestive Urinary System Gisel Rubio Period 7 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive Urinary System
Gisel Rubio
Period 7
Digestion & Absorption of Marcomolecule
Swallowing Stages are divided into three stages
First Stage:
Voluntary Stage
Food is chewed and mixed with saliva, forming a bolus
Bolus is forced into the oropharynx with tongue.
Second Stage:
Triggers swallowing reflex (involuntary)
Epiglottis closes off the larynx
Peristaltic waves begins in the pharynx and proceeds towards the esophagus
Breathing is inhibited briefly
Third Stage:
Peristalsis transport food from esophagus to stomach.
Chemical digestion is the biochemical process in which marcromolecules in food are changed into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into body fluids and transport cell through the body.
Major Functions
Digestive System:
The digestive system is responsible for mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and absorption of nutrients
The Digestive System carries out the process of digestion
Chemical Digestion:breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller chemicals, by breaking chemical bonds
Mechanical Digestion:breaks down large pieces of food into
smaller ones; chemical composition is not changed by this process
Urinary System:
The urinary system is responsible for filtering salts & waste from the blood, help maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes & water, regulate pH and body fluid volume and lastly helps control red blood cell production & blood pressure
Major Organs
Digestive System
ACCESSORY ORGANS:
Salivary Glands->
Moistens 7 dissolves food particles, binds them together, aids in tasting, helps cleanse the mouth and teeth, begins digestion
Pharynx
-> Connects mouth w/ esophagus
Esophagus
-> Peristalsis pushes food to stomach
Liver
-> Produces bile, which emulsifies fat
Gallbladder
-> Stores & concentrates bile & releases it into small intestine
Stomach
-> Secretes acid & enzymes, mixes food w/ secretion to begin enzymatic digestion of proteins.
Pancreas
-> Produces & secretes pancreatic juice, containing digestive enzyme & bicarbonate ions into small intestine
Large Intestine
-> Absorbs water & electrolytes to form feces.
Small Intestine
-> Mixes food w/ bile & Pancreatic juice ; final enzymatic breakdown of food molecules. Main site of absorption.
Rectum
-> Regulates elimination of feces
Anal
-> Where the feces leaves the body
Urinary System
Kidney
-> Filters the blood. Redish brown, 12 cm. Retroperitoneal, behind the parietal peritoneum. Regulate volume, composition and pH of body fluids. Remove metabolic waste from the blood forming urine.
Ureter
-> Transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Urinary Bladder
-> Which stores urine
Urethra
-> Conveys urine to the outside of the body
GI Tract Layers
Submocosa:
Lies under the mucosa
nourishes the surrounding layers of the canal
Vessels transport absorbed nutrients away from digestive
Muscularis:
Consists of 2 layers of smooth muscle
Inner Circular Layer & Outer Longitudinal layer
Propels food through canal
Mucosa:
Inner Layer of the wall.
Mucous membrane that surrounds the lumen of the tube
Protects tissues of the canal.
Carries secretion & absorption of dietary nutrients
Modified into fold or projections, which increase surface area
Serosa:
Outer serous layer (Visceral peritoneum)
Protects underlying tissues, Secretes serous fluid to reduce friction between organs
Stomach Layers
Cardia(c):
small region near opening to the esophagus
Fundus
: small rounded region superior to the cardia
Body Region
: main portion of the stomach, between fundus & pylorus
Pylorus
: distal portion, near small intestine
Nephron
- functional unit of kidney, can produce urine independently.
Collecting Duct
-> collects urine from the nephrons and moves it into the renal pelvis and ureters.
Distal Tubule
-> absorption of many ions, and in water reabsorption.
Ascending Loop of Henle
(Nephron Loop)
Descending Loop of Henle
(Nephron Loop) -> reabsorb water and sodium chloride from the filtrate
Proximal Tubule
-> reabsorption of filtrate in accordance with the needs of homeostasis
Bowman's Capsule
->
participates in the filtration of blood from the glomerular capillaries
Glomerulus
-> filters your blood
Disorders of the Digestive & Urinary
Digestive Disorders
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Description
- chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in the digestive system
Cause Factors
- Causes are unknown, Genetics, Environment immune
Symptoms
- Abdominal pain, cramping, fever
Treatment
- Medication, Antibiotics, Surgery
Peptic Ulcers
Description
- Sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum
Cause Factors
- Imbalance in gastric juices, Bacterial Infections, Excess acid production
Symptoms
- Heartburn, Nausea, Vomiting
-
Treatment Options
- Lifestyle changes, Medication, Endoscopic surgery
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Descriptions
- Chronic disease that occurs when the esophageal spinter reflex, allowing the content of the stomach
Cause Factors
- Frequent acid reflex, Weakened esophageal, obesity
Symptoms
- Chest Pain, Dysphagia, Dry Cough
Treatment-
Surgery, Madler, Zanta
Colon Disease
Colorectal Cancer
Description
- Uncontrolled cell growth in the colon
Cause Factors
- Herarty, Diet, Chemical Exposure
Symptoms
- Bowel movement, Bloating, Weight Loss
Treatment
- Radiation, Chemotherapy, Medication
Diverticulitis
-
Description
- Pouches from the wall of the colon
Cause Factors
- Age, Infection, Diet
Symptoms
- LLQ Pain, Fever & Chills, Nausea
Treatment
- Antibiotics, Medication, Surgery
Cholecystitis
Description
- Inflammation of the gall bladder.
Risk Factors
- Primarily caused by blockage of the gail duct, Digestive Tumors
Symptoms
- Tender abdomen, Sweating, Nausea
Treatment
- Medication, Fasting, Antibiotics
Urinary Disorders
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Description
Abnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along the urinary tract
Cause Factors
- Sexually Active, Pregnant Women, Menopause (Women)
-
Symptoms-
Pain or Pressure, Cloudy Urine, Chills & Back Pain
Treatment-
Vaginal low dose, Canberry Juice, Pills
Kidney Stones
Descriptions
- Dissolved minerals & salts. When urine has high levels of minerals, hard stones can form.
Cause Factors
- High Levels of minerals & Salts, No dissolving, UTI
Symptoms- Intense need to urinate, Burning feeling, Cramping in back
Treatment-
Ureterscopy, Medication, Nephrolitho
Bladder Cancer
Description
- Cancer in the body cells grow out of control when this happens (Tumor)
Risk Factors
- Smoking or inhaling tobacco, Working w/ Chemicals, Radiation
Symptoms
- Hematuria, Urination (Pain), Back Pain
Treatment
Medications & Treatments
Digestive Enzymes
Source & Action:
Salivary Amylase
-> Salivary Glands -> Carbohydrates digestion by breaking down starch to disaccharides
Pepsin
-> Gastric Chief Cells -> Begins protein digestion
Pancreatic Amylase
-> Pancreas -> Breaks down starch into disaccharides
-
Pancreatic Lipase
-> Pancreas -> Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Proteolytic Enzymes
Pancreas. Breakdown proteins or partially digested proteins into peptides
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Sucrase, Maltase, & Lactase
-> Break down dissaccharides to monosaccharides