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Early Theories of Motivation - Coggle Diagram
Early Theories of Motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Individuals cannot move to the next higher level until all needs at the current (lower) level are satisfied
Must move in hierarchical order
5 The original five needs
Social-belongingness:
affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship.
Esteem:
Internal factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement, and external factors such as status, recognition, and attention
Safety-security
: security and protection from physical and emotional harm.
Self-actualization:
growth, achieving our potential, and self-fulfillment.
Physiological
: hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs.
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Two-Factor Theory
Intrinsic factors
: advancement, recognition, responsibility, and achievement
Extrinsic factors
: supervision, pay, company policies, and work conditions.
Criticisms of Two-Factor Theory
Reliability of raters questioned.
No overall measure of satisfaction was used.
Herzberg is limited by his methodology.
Herzberg assumed, but didn’t research, a strong relationship between satisfaction and productivity.
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X
Theory Y
McClelland’s Three Needs Theory
Need for Achievement (nAch)
Need for Power (nPow)
Need for Affiliation (nAff)
People have varying levels of each of the three needs.