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THE 17TH CENTURY, imagen, imagen, imagen, imagen, imagen, imagen, imagen,…

- - - - Hunting
      - Social events
    - - Political
      - Military
    - - Lands
        
        Worked by peasants
  - - - Had to beg
      - Depend of charity
  - - - Peasants
      - Bourgeoisie
    - - Bad harvests
      - Violent social revolts
        
        In France
        
        Political motives
        
        In British Isles
        
        Political motives
        
        Religious rivalries
        
        In Spain
        
        Secessionist movements
        
        In Russia
        
        Ethnic divisions
- - - - A group of Protestant nobles
        
        Expelled the Catholics
        
        Appointed a Protestant king
        
        The Emperor fought against them
    - - The Emperor support German Catholics
      - Protestants formed alliance with Germany
    - - Lutheran King of Denmark intervened
      - Low countries resumed their fight against Spain
      - Protestant were defeated
      - Signed the Surrender of Breda in1626
    - - King of Sweden came to their aid,
        
        Creating balance of military power
        
        Result a peace treaty was signed
        
        Religious persecution stopped
        
        Protestant property would be returned
        
        Sweden more power in the area
      - The German Catholics take the Protestant`s possessions
    - - Spain and the Holy Roman Empire became more powerful
      - This preoccupied France
      - France formed alliance with the Protestants
      - In 1643 French army defeated the Spanish troops
        
        Battle of Rocroi
  - - - In 1648
      - End Thirty Years War
      - Consequences of this peace
        
        The Spanish monarchy lost their dominance over Europe
        
        Independence Northern Low Countries
        
        Recognised
        
        New Country became
        
        Naval power
        
        Controlling trade routes to Asia
        
        Great trading
        
        Recognised
        
        Religious tolerance
        
        Limits power by the Emperor
        
        The sovereignty German sates
        
        Sweden became dominant state on Baltic coast
        
        France obtained
        
        Territories
        
        Became the leading power in Europe
  - - - Increased the number of officials acting under his orders
      - He gave the administrative officials
      - Had a large court of advisors
      - He had extremely well organises professional army
        
        Access to better weapons
        
        Built defensive fortresses
      - The monarch held unrestrited power
      - Intervened in the economy
        
        Developments for his own benefit
    - - The king was God`s representative
      - Everyone was accoountable to him
      - Considered a divine right
    - - Absolutism monarche
      - All the power was by the king
    - - Began to spread to the majority of the European states
      - Except
        
        England
        
        Holland
      - Thinkers considered the best possible political system
  - - - Needed money
      - summoned Parliament
      - Absolutist monarch
      - Parliament demanded restrictions to the King`s powers
    - - Between
        
        Parliament`s supporters
        
        The King`s supporters
      - Parliamente was victorious
      - 1642-1648
      - The King was executed
      - England became Republic
        
        Oliver Crowwell was leader
        
        Become a dictator years later
      - Monarchy was reinstated in 1660
    - - King James II
        
        Reinstate Catholicism
        
        Glorious Revolution in 1680
        
        Parliament expelled the king
      - Replaced with William III
        
        recognising Parliament`s authority
        
        Private property and restrictions to royal power
        
        In 1689 signed the Bill of Rights
      - Consisted
        
        Puritan bourgeoisie
        
        Anglican nobles
    - - The king`s power was restricted
      - The country was governed by parliament
      - English parliament Two groups
        
        The house of Lords
        
        Higher nobility
        
        the House of Commons
        
        The bourgeoisie
    - - Not democratic
      - Only participed
        
        Nobles
        
        Rich bourgeoisie
- - - - Trusted advisors
      - Acted as prime ministers
      - Used the power to
        
        Become rich
        
        Give positions of power and priviledges
        
        Supporters
        
        Family
      - Corruption increased
      - Rivalry the different groups of nobles
        
        Conspiracies
    - - Valido
        
        Duke of Lerma
      - Spain was bankrupt
        
        Peace was signed with England
        
        Truce was declared with Protestants
        
        Reduce the armed conflicts
      - 1598-1621
      - 1609
        
        Expulsion of the Moriscos
        
        Compensate
        
        Ceding protestants in Low Countries
        
        Population considered
        
        Untrustworthy
        
        Acused
        
        Fake christians
        
        Practised their own religion in secret
        
        Negative effecth in economy
        
        Agriculture
    - - Valido
        
        Coun-Duke of Olivares
      - Attempted to regain power over Europe
      - 1621-1665
      - Spain took part in new wars
        
        Thirty Years War
      - Introduce reforms Increase tax collection
        
        Union of Arms
        
        All spanish kingdoms
        
        Provide soldiers
        
        Funds cover the cost of European wars
        
        Crown of Aragon
        
        Proposal failed
        
        Opposed this idea
      - Spain went bankrupt
        
        Domestic rebellions
        
        Catalonia
        
        Catalan peasant revolted
        
        Nobility unhappy with Spainish king
        
        Offered Barcelona to King of France
        
        Corpues of Blood
        
        Against abuses of royal army
        
        Portugal
        
        Appoint portuguese King
        
        Naples and Sicily
        
        Andalucia and Aragon
        
        Peace of Westphalia
        
        Several times
        
        Many years
      - 1652 royal army took control of Barcelona
        
        Felipe IV`s troops defeated by French army
        
        Sign peace
        
        Treaty of the Pyrenees
        
        1659
        
        Consequences
        
        France renounced Catalonia
        
        Gained
        
        Roussillon
        
        Cerdanya
        
        Territories in Fanders
        
        Marriage was arranged
        
        Louis XIV and Maria Theresa Archduchess of Austria
        
        Daughter Felipe IV
        
        Royal army took control of Barcelona
      - 1668
        
        Spain recognised Portugal`s independence
    - - Was minor when came the throne
      - Suffering from an illness
      - 1665-1700
      - Frances continued hostilities against Spain
        
        Gaining more territories
      - Conflict over succession
        
        Left no heirs
      - The war of succession
        
        Carlos II
        
        Successor to Spanish throne
        
        Bourbon dynasty
        
        Named Felipe Duke of Anjou
        
        Grandson of King Louis XIV of France
        
        The thrones of Spain an France united
        
        Great fear in other countries
        
        Alliance anti-Bourbon was formed
        
        This cused the War of Succession
        
        1701-1713
        
        Proposed
        
        Carlos, Archduke of Austria
        
        Candidates and supporters
        
        Carlos
        
        In Barcelona in 1705
        
        Supporters
        
        Austria
        
        Great Britain
        
        Portugal
        
        Savoy
        
        Prussia
        
        Proclaimed King of Spain
        
        Felipe
        
        Proclaimed King of Spain
        
        Philip V
        
        Supporters
        
        Castile
        
        France
        
        In Madrid in 1700
        
        In 1714
        
        Ended the war
        
        Treaty of Rastatt
        
        Felipe V took control of Barcelona
        
        Consequences of the War of Successions
        
        France imposed Felipe V
        
        Felipe renounce his right to French throne
        
        King of Spain
        
        Austria gained the Spanish Low Countries
        
        Sardinia
        
        Milan
        
        Naples
        
        Great Britain gained
        
        Minorca
        
        French colonies in North America
        
        Gibraltar
        
        Spain
        
        Maintained Americas
        
        Became centralised state
        
        Lost European territories
        
        Felipe V passed the Nueva Planta decrees
        
        Abolished
        
        Fueros
        
        Institutions of the Crown of Aragon
        
        Replaced by Castilian laws
      - Different validos took power
- - - - Increase population
      - Factors enabled recovery
        
        Fewer wars
        
        Colonial trade with traders
        
        French
        
        Dutch
        
        English
        
        Organise trading private system
        
        Private companies
        
        Colonial empires expanded
        
        French
        
        North America
        
        Dutch
        
        South Africa
        
        Indonesia
        
        English
        
        India
        
        Textile industry grew
        
        England
        
        Holland
        
        Monarch intervened in economy
        
        Merchantil system
        
        The Governors
        
        Increase amount of precious metals
        
        Protect national industries
        
        Taxing imported products
      - The situation improved slightly
    - - Crisis
        
        Farmers migrated to the cities
        
        To avoid paying taxes
        
        Agricultural techniques
        
        Outdated
        
        Low productivity
        
        Plagues and other epidemics
        
        Reduction workforce
        
        Increase mortality
        
        Bad harvest
        
        Wars
        
        production decreased
      - Agricultural Production
        
        Population not have food
        
        Prices rose
        
        Decreased
        
        Subsistence crisis
        
        Frequently in the 17th century
        
        Consequently
        
        Decrease population
        
        Demographic decline
        
        Hunger
  - - - Expulsion of the Moriscos
        
        300.000 people left Peninsula
        
        Farmers
        
        In 1609
        
        Negative effect on agriculture
        
        Aragon
        
        Valencia
      - Others migrated to America to escape poverty
      - Farmers left countryside
        
        Hard way of life
        
        Migrated to the cities
      - Picaros
        
        People form low social class
        
        Survive
        
        Deceiving
        
        Cheating others
        
        Predominant
    - - Sea route to Americas under threat
        
        Pirates
        
        Smugglers
      - Crisis in the craft industry
      - Mines empty
      - Trade with the Americas decreased
        
        Meet the demand
        
        Rest of the colonial empires
        
        Established trading posts in Americas
        
        Sell products
        
        Established locally
      - Spanish monarchy
        
        Ran out of resources form Americas