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HUMANITIES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Born in a poor noble family in 500s BCE, his father died and he was raised by his young mother.
      - He was an excellent student and became a teacher with loyal followers
      - Use classics to solve government problems
      - Kung Fu Tzu, China's First teacher, the rfeligion is the ethical foundation of east Asia.
    - - Punishment is not recommended, but rather teaching criminals how to be good.
- - - - He then conviced his family about his identity, but was considered an insane man. Later, his relative told him to read the book called "Good word for exhorting the age" and he encountered the word of Jesus, and believed God was his father. He changed his view about Confucius values and Chinese society, then gained followers and go around preach to the poor.
        
        His followers create a group called Bai Shangdi Hui (God Worshipper's Society) that he lead and preach to the poor about sharing properties, following laws from the 10 Commandment (early form of communism)
        
        Conquered the Yangtze River and Nanjin City (later became the Heavenly Capital) and wanted to confront the Qing dynasty but failed. Tianwang (Hong Xiuquan) had to kill many people who want to usurp his power.
    - - Follow Old testament: Demanded worship, obeidience
      - Proposed the idea of democracy and industry development,
      - Impact on China:
        
        Weakened the Qing dynasty (They can't reestablish the country after the rebellion).
        
        Illustrate Qing's dependence on the West: bought weapns and military methods from the West.
        
        Inspired revolutionaries in China =. lead indirectly to Civil War
  - - - Armed wars to ban drugs in the 19th century.
        Britain and China fought each other.
        Era of unequal treaties and overthrow Qing dynasty by Chinese republican
        
        British attack the Pearl River (Chinese battery)
        
        Cause of War: British sells opium to China as a way to earn profit back from buying tea from China. China wants to ban opium and make the British leave.
        The British came to Zhoushan port and demanded surrender, and the Qing fought a losing battle against the British. Later, they lose the war and had to agree on unequal treaties that the British can sell opium and trade, but the Qing didn't get anything back.
        
        Lin Zexu was the first official to be appointed to stop opium trade
        
        The first treaty made China fell into the Century of Humiliation
  - - - Then, China had to sign treaties to let America, Russia, France and Britain to trade, but later they captured negotiators from Britain and therefore the war broke out. The Qing cannot fight back, and in the end, they have to sign another treaty to give Russia and Britain lands, give them money and shows that the West were the superiors.
- - - - Live mainly on the Mongolian Plateau, Second largest empire
      - Share nomadic traditions: Migration, conquering other lands, travel on horse
      - Social system: Tribes => Clan => Family. Khans (Monarch)
      - Women held high authorities by taking care of migrations, flocks and trade
      - Significant product: Gold brocade (Silk from China, Gold from Tibet and weavers from Baghdad)
    - - Birth name: Temujin/ Temuchin
      - 1162 - 1227 (Still in debate)
      - His father (Yesugei) was a member of the Borjigin clan, but was poisoned by the Tartars. His family was abandoned by the Taychiut clan because they thought the family was too weak to usurp. He ate roots and fishes unlike any nomads, and developed a strong personality that has lots of followers.
      - He was a man who knows how to utilize men force and improve military strength, as well as attracting loyal people who served for him.
      - He has 16 million descendant
      - The Sky God Tenggeri favoured him and want him to conquer the world
    - - Divide into smaller clans to rule regions, military leaders rule as they like, the khans didn't care about how each region rules.
      - Conquered tribal members served in the military or being a slave, the leader of that tribe is killed.
      - The khans have high authorities, accompanied by counssilors for poilitical and military advices.
      - Economy: Heavily damaged because there were no care about economy and civil issues => not organized, heavily relied on exploiting taxes.
      - After Genghis Khan's death, his conquered regions broke apart and built new government system (bureaucracy)
      - Recruit merit people rather than giving power to his family.
      - Make the lower class people of conquered tribe his people and kill the leaders => The peasants loved him, the rich hated him
      - Protected trade routes for their own uses (and tax traders), but also keep traders safe, invented Yam system (communication system by horse riders that delivered letters) and bronze travel passport.
      - Move artists and scholars around to trade cultures in their empire
      - Tolerant of other religions. (Why? Because they believed in nature spirits that tied to their lands => no need to make people adapt to it.)
    - - Bringing new inventions and system to make the old methods die out.