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Digestive & Urinary system Nathan Berio, P.6 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Renal Pelvis
        
        Minor calyces – Cup-shaped areas that collect urine draining from pyramidal papillae
        
        Major calyces – Areas that collect urine from minor calyces – Empty urine into renal pelvis
        
        Funnel-shaped tube continuous with ureter
      - Renal Cortex
        
        granular-appearing superficial region
      - Renal Medulla
        
        eep to cortex, composed of cone-shaped medullary (renal)
  - - - anterior to vagina and uterus
    - - Muscular sac for temporary storage of urine
    - - prostate inferior to bladder neck
- - - - Pancreatic Ribonuclease
      - Deoxyribonuclease
      - Nucleosidases
      - Phosphatases
  - - - Trypsin
      - Chymotrypsin
      - Aminopeptidase
      - carboxypeptidase
      - dipeptidase
  - - - Salivary Amylase
      - Pancreatic Amylase
      - Brush border enzymes
  - - - Pepsin
      - Trypsin
      - Chymotrypsin
      - Aminopeptidase
      - carboxypeptidase
      - dipeptidase
- - - - Glomerulus
        
        Tuft of capillaries composed of fenestrated endothelium
      - Glomerular capsule
        
        cup-shaped, hollow structure surrounding
        glomerulus
    - - Proximal convoluted tubule
        
        Cuboidal cells with dense microvilli that form brush border
      - Nephron loop
        
        U-shaped structure consisting of two limbs
      - Distal convoluted tubule
        
        Cuboidal cells with very few microvilli
        
        Function more in secretion than reabsorption
  - - - Sparse with short microvilli
      - Maintain water and 𝑁𝑎+ balance
    - - Cuboidal cells with abundant microvilli
      - Two types of intercalated cells
- - - - Common hepatic duct leaves liver
      - Cystic duct connects to gallbladder
      - Bile duct formed by union of common hepatic and cystic ducts
  - - - Crown
        
        exposed part above the gum
      - Root
        
        portion embedded in jawbone
    - - Molars
        
        broad crowns, rounded cusps: best grinders
      - Premolars
        
        broad crowns with rounded cusps used to grind or crush
      - Incisors
        
        chisel shaped for cutting
      - Canines
        
        fanglike teeth that tear or pierce
    - - process of chewing
  - - - Formation of bolus, mixture of food and saliva
      - Gripping, repositioning, and mixing of food during chewing
      - Initiation of swallowing, speech, and taste
  - - - cytoplasmic extensions of mucosal cell that give fuzzy appearance called the brush border that contains membrane-bound enzymes brush border enzymes,
    - - Fingerlike projections of mucosa (~1 mm high) with a core that contains dense
        capillary bed and lymphatic capillary called a lacteal for absorption
  - - - Sub-mandibular Gland
      - Parotid Gland
      - Sublingual Gland
    - - Moistens food
      - Cleanses mouth
      - Dissolves food chemicals for taste
  - - - masses of lymphoid tissue
    - - pocketlike sacs caused by tone of teniae coli
    - - three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle in muscularis
    - - fat-filled pouches of visceral peritoneum
    - - first part of large intestine
    - - has several regions, most which are retroperitoneal (except for transverse and sigmoid regions)
    - - three rectal valves stop feces from being passed with gas (flatus)
    - - last segment of large intestine that opens to body exterior at anus