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Macromolecules - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 2 Monosaccharides
      - Joined by dehydration (glycosidic bond).
        Broken apart by hydrolysis.
      - Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose
    - - Many Monosaccharides linked to form long polymers.
      - Energy storage- Starch, Glycogen
      - Structural- Cellulose, Chitin, glycosaminoglycans
    - - Simplest Sugars
      - Ring or Linear
      - Pentoses- Ribose, Deoxyribose.
        Hexose- Glucose, Fructose
- - - - Glucose+2fatty acids+Phosphate group
      - Amphipathic; Phosphate head- Polar
        Fatty acid tail- Non Polar
      - Cell membrane
    - - Triglycerides- Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
      - Fatty Acids
        
        Saturated - all Carbons linked by single bonds
        
        Solid at room temp.
        
        Unsaturated- one or more double bonds
        
        Liquid at room temp. (oils)
        
        Cis forms naturally; trans formed artificially
        
        Trans fats are linked to disease
      - Energy Storage.
        Structural- cushioning and insulation
    - - 4 interconnected rings of Carbon
      - Insoluble in water
      - Cholestrol
- - - - Primary- Linear chain
      - Secondary- Folding of primary structure (Hydrogen bonds) Spiral (α-helix) or Sheet (β pleated sheets)
      - Teritiary- random coiling of secondary structure to form a three dimensional shape.
    - - Broken down by hydrolysis
      - Carboxy+Amino bond is called the peptide bond
      - Amino acids are joined by dehydration
    - - Hydrogen Bonds
      - Ionic Bonds
      - Vaan Der Waals forces
      - Disulphide Bridges
      - Hydrophobic effects
- - - - 2 strand (Double helix)
      - Deoxyribose sugar
      - Thymine
    - - Phosphate Group
      - Nitrogenous Base
        
        Purines
        
        Double ring
        
        Adenine
        
        Guanine
        
        Pyramidines
        
        Single ring
        
        Thymine/Uracil
        
        Cytocine
      - 5-C sugar
    - - Ribose sugar
      - Single strand
      - Uracil