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SEPARATION OF MIXTURES - Coggle Diagram
SEPARATION OF MIXTURES
D) Separation Methods By Using Boiling Point Difference
1. Separation By Simple Distillation:
It separates one substance from another by evaporation followed by condensation.
Example 2: Sugar - Water
Example 3: Glycerine - Alcohol
Example 1: Salt - Water
2. Separation By Fractional Distillation:
It used to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids with different boiling points.
Example 2: Ether - water
Example 3: Acetone - water
Example 1: Alchohol - water
B) Separation Methods By Using Solubility Difference
1. Separation By Crystallization:
A separation technique to separate solids from a solution.
Example 2: Salt - Water
Example 3: The deposition of gemstone crystals
Example 1: Sugar - Water
2. Separation By Fractional Crystallization:
This technique is often used in chemical engineering to obtain very pure substances from waste solutions.
Example 2: Crystallization of KNO3
Example 3: Crystallization of CuSO4
Example 1: Sugar - Salt
3. Separation By Extraction:
Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix.
Example 2: Obtaining oil from various plants
Example 3: Caffeine - Water
Example 1: Brewing of tea
C) Separation Methods By Using Density Differences
1. Separation By Floatation:
Floatation is a solid-liquid separation technique. It separates solids that float from the remaining liquid in a mixture.
Example 2: Separation of sulphide ores.
Example 3: It is applied to remove fats from waste water
Example 1: Sand - Sawdust
2. Separation By Precipitation:
When two solutions are mixed, they react with each other and can form water-insoluble solid.
Example 2: Cleaning drinking water from unwanted ions
Example 3: Cleaning of some ions such as iron in drinking water at a certain level
Example 1: Obtaining magnesium from seawater
3. Separation By Separatory Funnel:
A separatory funnel is used to separate immiscible liquids
Example 2: Benzene - water
Example 3: Diesel - water
Example 1: Oil - water
4. Separation By Chuck Away:
The solids with different densities can be separated without using a liquid.
Example 2: Sand - Wooden pieces
Example 3: Bran - Bulgur
Example 1: Wheat - Straw
5. Separation By Decantation
: Separating the clear liquid obtained after sedimentation without disturbing the settled particles.
Example 2: Separation of pulp in olive oil
Example 3: Separation of gold from soil mixture
Example 1: Water - Sand
A) Separation Methods By Using Particle Size Differences
1. Separation By Picking Up:
The method in which substances in a mixture can be separated by just picking them out with the help of hand from the mixture.
Example 2: Separating different kinds of vegetables from the mixture of vegetables in the basket
Example 1: Separating stones from rice, pulses and wheat
Example 3: Separating rotten potatoes from fresh ones
2. Separation By Sieving
: The smaller particles of the mixture will pass through the pores of the sieve while the bigger particles stay behind.
Example 2: Sand - gravel
Example 3: Rice - stone
Example 1: Bran - flour
3. Separation By Filtration:
Filtration can be used to separate the insoluble solid from the liquid using a filter.
Example 2: Production of liquid dosage
Example 3: While preparing tea, a filter is used to separate tea leaves from the water
Example 1: A mixture of chalk powder and water can be separated by this technique
4. Separation By Dialysis:
Dialysis is based on the principle that ions can pass through semipermeable membrane whereas colloidal particles cannot pass through it
Example 2: Removing toxins from the body
Example 3: Excess water is excreted from the body
Example 1: Blood filtering in kidneys
5. Separation By Electrification:
Some substances may easily be attracted to electrified objects.
Example 2: A glass stick - paper
Example 3: Glass rod - silk cloth
Example 1: Red pepper - salt
6. Separation By A Magnet:
Magnet is used to separate iron, cobalt, and nickel from the mixture.
Example 2: Gold - iron
Example 3: Zinc - nickel
Example 1: Sand - iron
