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P6 - Radioactivity Part 1 - Coggle Diagram
P6 - Radioactivity Part 1
Radiation
Types of radiation
Beta positive
A positron (electron antiparticle) is released from a proton changing into neutron and positron.
Alpha
A helum atom released - 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
Happens when a nuclei is unstable so released alpha particles to get to a more stable state.
Most ionising, least penetrating
Beta negative
An electron is released from a neutron changing into proton and eletron.
Gamma
Happens when an nucleus undergoes nuclear rearrangement.
An electromagnetic wave, gamma, released as energy.
Most penetrating, least ionising.
Emission of energy in particles or EM waves from unstable nuclei in a random process to become stable, the nucleus decays
Background radiation: radiation that is always present all around us in the environment.
Sources
The atomic model
Plum pudding model
When eletrons were discovered, people thought they were embedded into a positive 'dough' as 'currants' leading to the plum pudding model.
Bohr model
Due to the Rutherford alpha particle experiment where alpha particles were shot through a gold foil to see how they will pass through. Most were transmitted so the atom was mostly empty space, some were deflected so there was a positive nucleus and some were reflected so the nucleus was very small.
Measuring radiation
Photographic film
Different parts of it are covered by different thickness and type of materials to see the type of radiation.
Geiger-Muller tube
Ionising radiation passes through the mica window and ionises the atoms, the cations and electrons move to the oppositely charged parts causing a current to flow through and cause a click.
