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Digestive & Urinary System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Period 6 Honors…
Digestive & Urinary System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Period 6 Honors Anatomy
Disorders of Digestive & Urinary Systems:
Urinalysis:
were urine is examined for signs of diseases
Bladder Cancer:
body cells grown out of control most cancer from a lump called a tumor organ growth
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):
abdominal growth of bacteria along urinary tract
Kidney Stones:
urine contains many dissolved minerals & salts
Cholecystitis:
an inflammation of the bladder
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD):
intestinal condition that causes inflammation in digestive tract includes cronn's disease & ulcerative
Gastroesphageal Reflux Disease (GERD):
disease that occurs when esophageal spincter relaxes allowing the contents of the stomach to move to esophagus
Colon disease:
colorectal cancer uncontrolled cell growth in colon
Peptic Ulcers:
sores that develop in lining of the stomach or doudenum
Nephron Anatomy & Physiology:
Descending Limb:
thin limb
Nephron Loop:
consists of descending and ascending limb
Proximal Convoluted Tubule:
allows for reabsorption & secretion
Glomerular Capsule:
surrounds glomerulus & allows filtrate from glomerulus to pass into capsular space
Ascending Limb:
thick limb
Glomerulus:
allows for filtrate formation.
Filtrate
is plasma derived fluid tubules that process to form urine
Distal Convoluted Tubule:
functions for secretion rather than absorption
Collecting Duct:
delivers urine through principal & intercalated cells
Major Functions of Urinary System:
is to maintain the body's internal environment by regulating total water volume, regulating ions, ensuring acid - base balance.
Major Organs of Digestive System:
Accessory Digestive Organs:
Tongue:
occupies floor of mouth while gripping, repositioning & mixing food during chewing. Also produces bolus
Gallbladder:
storage of bile by absorbing water & ions
Teeth:
for mastication which is the process of chewing. Teeth lie in sockets of gum - covered margins of mandible & maxilla
Digestive Glands:
Salivary Glands:
cleanses mouth, dissolves food, and moistens food into bolus. also beginning breakdown of starch w/ enzyme amylase
Liver:
produces bile and is the largest glans in liver with 4 lobes
Pancreas:
neutralizes stomach acid & creates enzymes to digest
Mouth & Associated Organs:
Mouth:
were food is chewed & mixed w/ enzymes. These enzymes contain saliva, that processes digestion, & swallowing is initiated
Esophagus
: runs from laryngopharynx to stomach
Pharynx:
allows passage of food, fluids & air
Stomach:
temporary storage tank that starts chemical break down of protein digestion. Converts bolus of food into chyme
Small Intestine:
the major organ of digestion & absorption
Jejunum:
attached posteriorly by mesentery
Ileum:
joins large intestine at ileocecal valve
Duodenum:
curves around head of pancreas
Large Intestine:
reabsorbs water, vitamins, & electrolytes and propulsion of feces to anus
Location Of Digestive & Absorption of each Macromolecule:
Digestion:
Chyme from stomach partially digest carbohydrates, proteins, & undigested fats
Absorption
: active absorption of glucose & amino acids coupled with sodium
Layers of GI tract:
Submucosa:
areola connective tissue with elastic tus
Serosa:
outermost layer made up visceral periotneum
Musosa
: has tunic layers that line lumen. Secretes mucus,enzymes & hormones
Major Organs of Urinary System:
Ureters:
transports urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder:
storage to urine
Kidney:
filters waste out of blood!! regulates water volume, regulates ions, regulates blood pressure, and balances minerals & chemicals
Pelvis:
funnel shaped tube continuous to ureter
Medulla:
deep to cortex with a cone shaped figure
Cortex:
outermost layer
Urethra:
transports urine out of body
Digestive Enzymes (name & function):
Lipase:
for lipids
Nuclease:
for nucleic acids
Amylase:
for carbohydrates
Protease:
for protein- for self digestion
Major Functions of Digestive System:
take in food, break down food into nutrients, absorb molecules, & rid body of indigestive remains
Alimentary Canal:
a muscular tube that runs from mouth to anus that digests food, and absorbs fragments through lining into blood. Organs include mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine & anus
Submucosa:
under mucosa abundant elastic tissue to keep organs in shape after a large meal
Muscularis Extrema:
muscle layer responsible for segmentation & peristalsis ( For movement of food )
Mucosa:
Tunic layer that secretes digestive enzymes & hormones, absorbs products of digestion & protects against infectious disease
Serosa:
outermost layer ( keeps organs closed )
Digestive Process:
Ingestion
: eating
Propulsion:
movement of food through alimentary canal including
PERISTALSIS
- involves alimentary waves of contraction & relaxation
Mechanical Breakdown:
includes chewing, mixing of food & saliva &
SEGMENTATION
- intestine that mixes food w/ digestive organ
Defecation
: elimination of indigestible substances
Digestion:
Catabollic steps that involves enzyme that break down complex food molecules into building blocks
Absorption:
passage of digested fragments that go into blood & lymph