Digestive & Urinary System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Period 6 Honors Anatomy
Disorders of Digestive & Urinary Systems:
Nephron Anatomy & Physiology:
Major Functions of Urinary System: is to maintain the body's internal environment by regulating total water volume, regulating ions, ensuring acid - base balance.
Major Organs of Digestive System:
Location Of Digestive & Absorption of each Macromolecule:
Layers of GI tract:
Major Organs of Urinary System:
Digestive Enzymes (name & function):
Major Functions of Digestive System: take in food, break down food into nutrients, absorb molecules, & rid body of indigestive remains
Alimentary Canal: a muscular tube that runs from mouth to anus that digests food, and absorbs fragments through lining into blood. Organs include mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine & anus
Digestive Process:
Ingestion: eating
Propulsion: movement of food through alimentary canal including PERISTALSIS - involves alimentary waves of contraction & relaxation
Mechanical Breakdown: includes chewing, mixing of food & saliva & SEGMENTATION - intestine that mixes food w/ digestive organ
Defecation: elimination of indigestible substances
Digestion: Catabollic steps that involves enzyme that break down complex food molecules into building blocks
Absorption: passage of digested fragments that go into blood & lymph
Accessory Digestive Organs:
Digestive Glands:
Mouth & Associated Organs:
Salivary Glands: cleanses mouth, dissolves food, and moistens food into bolus. also beginning breakdown of starch w/ enzyme amylase
Liver: produces bile and is the largest glans in liver with 4 lobes
Pancreas: neutralizes stomach acid & creates enzymes to digest
Tongue: occupies floor of mouth while gripping, repositioning & mixing food during chewing. Also produces bolus
Gallbladder: storage of bile by absorbing water & ions
Teeth: for mastication which is the process of chewing. Teeth lie in sockets of gum - covered margins of mandible & maxilla
Mouth: were food is chewed & mixed w/ enzymes. These enzymes contain saliva, that processes digestion, & swallowing is initiated
Submucosa: under mucosa abundant elastic tissue to keep organs in shape after a large meal
Muscularis Extrema: muscle layer responsible for segmentation & peristalsis ( For movement of food )
Mucosa: Tunic layer that secretes digestive enzymes & hormones, absorbs products of digestion & protects against infectious disease
Serosa: outermost layer ( keeps organs closed )
Esophagus: runs from laryngopharynx to stomach
Pharynx: allows passage of food, fluids & air
Stomach: temporary storage tank that starts chemical break down of protein digestion. Converts bolus of food into chyme
Small Intestine: the major organ of digestion & absorption
Large Intestine: reabsorbs water, vitamins, & electrolytes and propulsion of feces to anus
Jejunum: attached posteriorly by mesentery
Ileum: joins large intestine at ileocecal valve
Duodenum: curves around head of pancreas
Lipase: for lipids
Nuclease: for nucleic acids
Amylase: for carbohydrates
Protease: for protein- for self digestion
Digestion: Chyme from stomach partially digest carbohydrates, proteins, & undigested fats
Absorption: active absorption of glucose & amino acids coupled with sodium
Submucosa: areola connective tissue with elastic tus
Serosa: outermost layer made up visceral periotneum
Musosa: has tunic layers that line lumen. Secretes mucus,enzymes & hormones
Ureters: transports urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder: storage to urine
Kidney: filters waste out of blood!! regulates water volume, regulates ions, regulates blood pressure, and balances minerals & chemicals
Urethra: transports urine out of body
Pelvis: funnel shaped tube continuous to ureter
Medulla: deep to cortex with a cone shaped figure
Cortex: outermost layer
Urinalysis: were urine is examined for signs of diseases
Bladder Cancer: body cells grown out of control most cancer from a lump called a tumor organ growth
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): abdominal growth of bacteria along urinary tract
Kidney Stones: urine contains many dissolved minerals & salts
Cholecystitis: an inflammation of the bladder
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): intestinal condition that causes inflammation in digestive tract includes cronn's disease & ulcerative
Gastroesphageal Reflux Disease (GERD): disease that occurs when esophageal spincter relaxes allowing the contents of the stomach to move to esophagus
Colon disease: colorectal cancer uncontrolled cell growth in colon
Peptic Ulcers: sores that develop in lining of the stomach or doudenum
Descending Limb: thin limb
Nephron Loop: consists of descending and ascending limb
Proximal Convoluted Tubule: allows for reabsorption & secretion
Glomerular Capsule: surrounds glomerulus & allows filtrate from glomerulus to pass into capsular space
Ascending Limb: thick limb
Glomerulus: allows for filtrate formation. Filtrate is plasma derived fluid tubules that process to form urine
Distal Convoluted Tubule: functions for secretion rather than absorption
Collecting Duct: delivers urine through principal & intercalated cells