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Heidi Ochoa: Period 1 Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Heidi Ochoa: Period 1 Digestive & Urinary System
Major functions of the digestive system
Motility, digestion, absorption and secretion
Take in food
Break food down into nutrient molecules
Absorb molecules into the bloodstream
Rid body of indigestible remains
Major functions of the urinary system
filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product.
Kidney functions:
Regulate water volume and concentration of water
Regulate ion concentrations
Ensure long term acid base balance
Excrete metabolic waste, toxins, and drugs
Produce erythropoitin
Activate Vitamin D
Carry out gluconeogenesis
Major organs of the digestive system
Alimentary Canal: Organs
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestines
Large Intestines
Anus
Accessory Digestive Organs: Teeth
Tongue
Gallbladder
Digestive Glands: produce secretions to breakdown food (Salivary gland, Liver, Pancreas)
Major organs of the urinary systems
Inferior vena cava
Aorta
Renal vein
Renal artery
Kidney
Ureter Urinary
Bladder Urethra
Nephron
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Protease- breaks down protein
Amylase- breaks down
Carbohydrates
Lipases- break down lipids
Nucleases- break down nucleic acids
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
95% absorbed in the small intestine: Macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
Digestions:
Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical Breakdown
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
mucosa: lines the lumen and secretes mucus
submucosa: areolar tissue, has blood lypmphatic tissue muscularis: responsible for segmentation, and presistalsis, contains the sphincters
serosa: outermost layer made of visceral peritoneum.
The Stomach has 3 types of smooth muscle: longitudinal, circular, and oblique
Nephron anatomy and physiology
structural and functional units form urine in kidney
Compsed of
Renal capsule
Renal tubule
Renal Capsule: Tuft capillaries
Glomerulus- allows for efficient filtrate formation; to filter plasma to produce glomerular filtrate, which passes down the length of the nephron tubule to form urine.
Glomerular (Bowmen) Capsule: performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.
Renal Tubule: 3 parts
Proximal Convoluted tubule: Re absorption and secretion
Nephron Loop: Descending and ascending loop
Distal Convoluted Tubule: secretion and reabosrption; drains into collecting duct
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Urinary:
UTI- urinary tract infection: abnormal growth of bacteria along urinary tract
Kidney Stones: urine contains dissolved minerals and salts Bladder Cancer: cells of bladder grow abnormally
Digestive
Cholecystitis: inflammation of gallbladder
GERD- esophageal sphincter relaxes- stomach contents go up to esophagus.
Inflammatory Bowl Disease- complex intestinal condition causes inflammation.
Peptic Ulcers- sores develop in lining of stomach duodenum
Colon Diseases- polyps- growths
Cancer- uncontrolled cell growth