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The Geopolitics of Space I, List of references: - Coggle Diagram
The Geopolitics of Space I
Maria Oliva and Francisco Lara
What lessons can we learn from the 20th Century Geopolitics of Space in order to envision the future of space exploration?
As we look at 20th century it is clear to notice how troubled it was regarding geopolitics. It started off with Belle Epoque imploding into WW1 that occurred from 1914 to 1917 when Europe was reorganized with Versailles treaty. Regardless of the necessity of such treaty it was very controversial with the way other countries treated Germany that faced a crisis after the war. The feeling of humiliation was one of the strong factors that lead to the significant raise in fascism and nazism in Germany that would eventually lead to WW2. After the second world war Europe's most powerful nations were devastated after the war making the USSR and the USA to be by far the most developed countries of the world. This of course lead to the cold war when the the space race occurred, and the USSR took the lead by having the first ever satellite released into space with Sputnik 1. This caused fear in the USA not only due to how its rival has reached space but also on how this showed a significant development in USSR technology. After these events the USA entered the space race that would eventually lead them to put the first man in the moon that was probably the most remarkable moment in the history of space exploration, but one could say that the actual visit to the moon was pointless. Between many thing the cold war was a war of influence and there are few better ways to fascinate people than to put a man in the moon. With time such travels to the moon stopped happening due to their high cost and lack of sense in many ways and this is a trend we can consider for the future. The trip to the moon was something that happened not only due to science but also for the USA to prove a point as the biggest nation in the world. With time this unecesary spend of money stopped existing as humanity may start looking at space travel as a solution as our planet start to slowly degenerate. As organizations such as NASA has been exploring space looking for other habitable planets and exploring the space as a whole in search of new information we can see that overall humans have a tendency to explore and conquer as we can see in the wars of the 20th century and also in the development of space exploration throughout the years. In the future space exploration may be completely necessary for the survival of the human race for the first time ever and this tendency of exploration and conquering will develop with science as humans ambitions will grow together with out discoveries.
Rocket scientists:
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
First wind tunnels of the Soviet Union to study aerodynamics; Tsiolkovsky is noted for his anthropocosmism or belief in humanity's supremacy over space.
Hermann
Oberth
Designed the liquid-fueled rocket independent from Goddard and Tsiolkovsky (but later got in touch with both); Worked with von Braun from 1947
Wernher von Braun
Part of his team was co-opted by the United States (himself included) and part by the USSR (He|mut Gröttrup) at the end of WW2. Both wanted to Copy and improve the German rockets
The diplomatic ties between countries, particularly the two superpowers and their respective allies, exemplify the geopolitics of the Cold War. The location of embassies abroad and those hosted by countries is investigated to see what they reveal about more significant geopolitical issues. During the Cold War, the US and the Soviet Union competed to see who possessed the most advanced space technology. This included competitions such as who would be the first to launch a human spaceship into orbit and the first to walk on the Moon. The "space race" was a Cold War rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union to develop aerospace capabilities such as artificial satellites, uncrewed space missions, and human spaceflight.
WWI
Connections:
WWI and WWII were the most massive military confrontations the human race has ever seen. One of the leading causes was the desire to capture more lands and colonies. Brutal wars were also fought to gain ideological dominance—however, numerous hypotheses aid in understanding the other reasons for wars. The fundamental distinction between WWI and WWII is that the first was fought to obtain lands and colonies, so imperialism was the cause. In contrast, the second was fought for the dominance of ideologies such as Fascism, Nazism, and communism.
Triggers and causes:
Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914. Militarism, Imperialism, nationalism and alliance system.
Conflict between:
The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey) and the Allied Powers (France, Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and (from 1917) the U.S.)
Period:
1914 to 1918
Casualties:
Estimated to be 10 million military dead, 7 million civilian deaths, 21 million wounded, and 7.7 million missing or imprisoned.
Outcomes:
The German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires were defeated. Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires ceased to exist. The League of Nations was formed in the hope of preventing another such conflict.
Post-war politics:
Resentment with the onerous terms of the Treaty of Versailles fueled the rise of Adolf Hitler's party in Germany. So in a way, World War I led to World War II. The first Red Scare in the U.S. to fight communism.
WII
Period:
1939 to 1945
Triggers and causes:
Political and economic instability in Germany. The harsh conditions of the Treaty of Versailles Rise of power of Adolf Hitler and his alliance with Italy and Japan to oppose the Soviet Union
Conflict between:
The Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allied Powers (France, Britain, the U.S., the Soviet Union, and China)
Casualties:
Estimated deaths range from 50-80 million. 38 to 55 million civilians were killed, including 13 to 20 million from war-related disease and famine.
Outcomes:
The war ended with the total victory of the Allies over Germany and Japan in 1945. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers. The United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent conflicts.
Post-war politics:
There was a Cold War between the United States and Russia after the end of the Second World War until the collapse of the USSR (1947-1991). The wars in Afghanistan, Vietnam and Korea were, in a sense, proxy wars between the two nations.
List of references:
World War I vs World War II. Diffen. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2022, from
https://www.diffen.com/difference/World_War_I_vs_World_War_II
Google. (n.d.). Cold War - Google Arts & Culture. Google. Retrieved April 25, 2022, from
https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/cold-war/m01w1sx?categoryid=event
Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 25, 2022, from
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Konstantin-Eduardovich-Tsiolkovsky