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Cold War - Nicole Labedz - Coggle Diagram
Cold War - Nicole Labedz
Early Cold War
Cold War Definition:
The cold war is actually not a war, but a series of conflicts and competitions between the communist Soviet Union and the non-communist United States.
Because the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. never actually fought in the “heat” of battle, it is called the “cold” war.
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Crisis in Berlin
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Berlin Blockade
U.S., Great Britain, and France reunite West Berlin
(1949).
Soviets Blocked all of West Berlin and blocked all necessary supplies from getting into the city which was Stalin’s attempt to disrupt a united West Berlin.
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Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall symbolized Communist repression and the United States used their global influence to support West Berlin by supplying them with resources to help show the Soviets and the world the strength of Capitalism and Democracy, and is a visible result of the Cold War
August 13, 1961 the East Germany closed the border between East and West Berlin with a wall of concrete blocks and barbed wire to stop East Germans from fleeing to the West.
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Iron Curtain
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"Iron Curtain” imaginary front line and division in Europe between Communist East and Non-communist West Divide between Western and Soviet Spheres of influence.
Soviet Union: wanted to expand Communism.
The U.S.: wanted to contain Communism and keep it from spreading.
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Domino Theory
Once one country fell to communism, more countries would fall.
Containment
Because of the growing threat of communism spreading, the U.S. enforced a policy of “containment.” Do whatever is necessary to stop spread of communism.
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Nixon in Cold War
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Nixon took steps to ease tensions with Cold War enemies—a policy called détente or relaxation of tensions.
The goal of détente was to build a more stable world in which the United States and the countries that have opposite viewpoints accepted one another’s place. Ex: Soviet Union
Kissinger's Views
Kissinger believed the United States should consider each foreign-policy conflict or question from the standpoint of what is best for America.
The government should not be bound by promises to fight communism or promote freedom wherever it is threatened. Significant change from containment!
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Watergate
The Main Idea:
The Nixon presidency became bogged down in scandal, leading to the first presidential resignation in American history and the administration of Gerald Ford.
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On June 17, 1972, police arrested five men who had broken into the offices of the Democratic National Committee.
Although the break-in barely made the news when it happened, it quickly became clear that the men had connections to the president. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post refused to let the story die and continued to investigate the break-in. The Post reported that the break-in was part of a widespread spying effort by the Nixon campaign, but this did not seem to affect voters. On election day Nixon won one of the most overwhelming victories in U.S. history.
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Gerald Ford
Vice President Spiro T. Agnew resigned after being charged with cheating on his taxes and taking payments in return for political favors.
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Korean War
Korea gets split and becomes two countries after WWII because the Japanese surrender to the Soviets in the northern part and Americans in the southern part.
As a result, North Korea turns communist under Soviet alliance and South Korea Non-Communist under U.S. alliance. Split Korea at the 38th parallel (38 degrees latitude.)
Containment
Because it was a surprise attack the South Koreans were driven all the way back to the port of Pusan
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Vietnam War
Vietnam became a divided country as a result of conflict between Communist and non-Communist groups.
Geneva Accords, a peace conference in Geneva, Switzerland in 1954 decided that Vietnam would be divided temporarily
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Conflict Deepens
Dense jungles, muddy trails, and swampy rice paddies and no clear enemy lines made fighting a ground war in Vietnam difficult.
Jungle warfare was difficult, and it was hard to locate the enemy.
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As the war dragged on, some officials began to argue that the ground war and the air attacks had failed and that the war could not be won. While other guest speakers that fought in the war claimed that if the U.S. did not get out, the U.S. would have won.
Youth Protest
The war in Vietnam led to sharp divisions between Americans who supported the war and those who did not
As U.S. involvement in the war increased, so did opposition to it.
Many who opposed the war were part of the counterculture (hippies), a movement that rejected traditional American values.
Those opposed to the war believed that by ending the draft, they could halt the supply of soldiers needed to fight there
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Some protesters became conscientious objectors, claiming that their moral or religious beliefs prevented them from fighting in the war.
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1968 - Year of Crisis
The year 1968 was a turning point in the Vietnam War that greatly affected the nation’s political life.
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Peace With Honor
Draft Lottery - College students could no longer obtain draft deferments, only 19-year-olds could serve in Vietnam, and draftees would be chosen by lottery based on their birthdays.
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End of Cold War
A thaw in Cold War
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U.S.-Soviet Relations
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Between 1985 and 1988 Reagan and Gorbachev met four times and produced the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty.
INF Treaty: First treaty to actually reduce nuclear arms destroyed a whole class of weapons (more than 2,500 missiles).
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Conflict in Middle East
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ISREAL/PALESTINE—a religious connection for Jews, Christians, and Muslims
Region of land claimed by the Arab Palestinians as their homeland for many centuries; HOWEVER, the Jews have what they claim as the original religious connection to the land.
Region important to Jews, Christians, and Muslims because this is where much of what is written in the Old Testament, the New Testament, and the Qur’an took place. There are many religious sites in Palestine sacred/holy to all three religions. The most important of these is Jerusalem.
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Anti-Semitism
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Final Solution
The systematic plan by German leader Adolph Hitler and his Nazi Party to murder all Jews prior and during World War II we now call this the Holocaust. Both Anti-Semitism and The Final Solution lead to Jewish Immigration into Israel/Palestine.
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Terrorism
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Types of Terrorism
Domestic terrorism involves groups and /or individuals whose terrorist activities are directed at elements of our government without foreign involvement. Oklahoma City is a primary example.
International terrorism involves groups and/ or individuals whose terrorist activities are foreign-based and/or directed by countries or groups outside the United States. Sept. 11 is an example of International Terrorism.
Methods of Terrorism
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Chemical Agents
Chemical agents kill or incapacitate people, destroy livestock or ravage crops
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Biological Agents
Biological Terrorism
Dispersal of microbes or their toxins to produce illness, death and terror
The paths of infection can be contaminated water, food, air and packages.
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Operation Iraqi Freedom
As the war in Afghanistan continued, another Invasion of Iraq by the U.S. forces took place in in 2003.
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