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Digestive and Urinary Systems Melissa Figuero Per 1 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive and Urinary Systems
Melissa Figuero
Per 1
Major functions of the digestive system
take in food
breaks food down into nutrient molecules
absorbs the molecules
rids body of indigestible remains
digestive processes (ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation)
Major organs of the urinary systems
urinary bladder- body's urine storage tank
urethra- tube where urine passes from the bladder to outside the body
kidneys- extract waste/toxins/drugs from the blood; regulates body fluids
ureters- passageway of urine from the kidneys to the bladder
renal arteries- carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys
Major organs of the digestive system
pharynx- passageway for foods/fluids/air
esophagus- tube from laryngopharynx to stomach
stomach- reservoir for food; acid/enzyme secretion; starts chemical breakdown; delivers chyme to small intestine
liver- production of bile
gallbladder- storage of bile
pancreas- produces pancreatic juice; secretes insulin and glucagon
small intestine- duodenum/jejnum/ileum; peristalsis between meals and segmentation after meals
mouth- mastication and chews food while saliva breaks it down w enzymes
anus- expels feces
large intestine- tenia coli/haustra/epiploic appendages; absorption and changes the waste from liquid into stool
Major functions of the urinary system
balances the body's fluids like water/ electrolytes
removing toxins/ waste products
controlling blood volume and pressure
produces erythropoietin
activates vitamin D
Digestive enzymes
proteases- for protein; secreted in inactive form to prevent self-digestion
amylase- for carbs
lipases- for lipids
nucleases- for nucleic acids
Location of digestion and absorption of each macro-molecule
carbs- mouth/small intestine; absorb starches/disaccharides; glucose/galactose are absorbed
protein- stomach/small intestine; absorb proteins; amino acids are absorbed
fat- mouth/stomach/small intestine; some short-chain fatty acids are absorbed
nucleic acids- small intestine; units are absorbed into capillary blood
Layers of the GI tract
submucosa- blood and lymphatic vessels/lymphoid follicles; composed of elastic tissues that stretch/recoil after a big meal
muscularis externa- in charge of segmentation/peristalsis
mucosa- secretes mucus/hormones/digestive enzymes; protect against disease
serosa- made up of visceral peritoneum; outermost layer
continuous tube from mouth to anus
stomach (types of gland cells)
mucus neck cells- secrete mucus
parietal cells- gastric acid secretion/kills bacteria
chief cells-secretes pepsinogen and lipases
enteroendocrine cells- hormone producing/secreting cells
Nephron anatomy and physiology
nephron- units that form urine
renal corpuscle
glomerulus- cluster of tiny blood vessels that filter waste products from blood
glomerular capsule- surrounds glomerulus
renal tubule
proximal convoluted tubule- functions in reabsorption and secretion; reabsorption of filtrate in accordance with the needs of homeostasis
nephron loop/ loop of Henle- reabsorb water and sodium chloride from the filtrate
distal convoluted tubule- absorption of many ions, and in water reabsorption
collecting ducts- resorb H2O and concentrate urine; receive filtrate from nephrons
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
cholecystitis- inflammation of gallbladder
gaatroesophageal reflux disease- contents of stomach move back into esophagus
inflammatory bowel disease- inflammation of digestive tract
peptic ulcers-sores that develop in lining of stomach/duodenum
spastic colon- abnormal abdominal conditions
kidney stones- hard stones forming from high levels of minerals/salts
bladder cancer- abnormal bladder growth
UTI- abnormal growth of bacteria along the urinary tract