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Digestive and Urinary System Arianna Reyes P.1 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive and Urinary System Arianna Reyes P.1
Major Functions of Digestive
To take in food, breakdown food into nutrient molecules, absorb molecules into the blood stream, and rid the body of indigestible remains
Major Functions of Urinary
To excrete metabolic wastes, toxins and drugs, regulate total water volume and total solute concentration in water, regulate ion concentrations in extracellular fluid (ECF), and ensuring long term acid based balance
Major Organs of Digestive
Alimentary Canal
Mouth: site of the first steps in indigestion
Esophagus: tube that runs from mouth to small intestine that allows food breakdown to travel
Stomach: produces bile and breaks down certain chemical build ups that make up the food
Small intestine: absorbs nutrients from the bile into the blood stream and almost completely filtrates it
Large intestine: absorbs the remaining water from the waste left over from the small intestine
Anus: expels indigestible remains out of the body
Accessory organs
Liver: cleanses blood and produces bile
Teeth: in the jaw and help grind food
Pancreas: creates enzymes for the digestion of chyme
Gallbladder: stores bile from the liver
Major Organs of Urinary
Kidneys
Filter blood and clean it of metabolic wastes
Urinary Bladder
Holds urine to expel it from the body
Ureter
Slender tubes that convey urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Nephron
Forms urine in the kidneys
Nephron Anatomy and Physiology
Renal Corpuscle
Glomerulus: tuft of capillaries of endothelium
Glomular capsule: surround glomerulus
Renal Tubule
Proximal convulted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convulted tubule
Step 1: Glomerular Filtration
Passive where hydrostatic pressure creates fluids and solutes to go to the filtration membrance
Step 2: Tubular Reabsorption
Reclaims most tubular contents and returns it to the blood
Step 3: Tubular Secretion
Reverse reabsorption, subtances moved from peritubular capillaries to tubule cells to filtrate
Location of Digestion and Absorption of each macromolecule
Carbohydrates
Digests in the small intestine and mouth then absorbed by the liver
Proteins
Digests in the small intestine and stomach and absorbed in the liver
Lipids
Digests in stomach, small intestine, and mouth then absorbed in the liver
Nucleic acids
Digests in the small intestine and absorbed in the liver
Layers of GI Tract
Mucosa
Thick layer that secretes mucous, digestive enzymes, hormones, and absorbs the results of digestion
Submucosa
Contains blood vessels and lymphoid vessel; contains elastic fibers which help maintain shape of organs
Muscularis externa
Forms sphincters and performs peristalsis
Serosa
Outermost layer
Disorders of Digestive and Urinary
Cholecystitis: inflammation of gall bladder
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder: When esophageal sphincter relaxes and allows contents of the stomach back into the esophagus
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Inflammation in digestive tract
Peptic Ulcers: sores in the lining of the stomach or duedenum
Bladder Cancer: out of control growth of cells in the bladder
Urinary Tract Infection: bacterial infection in urinary tract
Kidney Stones: hard stones form from high levels of minerals and salts
Digestive Enzymes
Proteases
Make sure proteins do not digest themselves
Lipases
Digest lipids
Amylase
Digest carbs
Nucleases
Digest nucleic acids