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SPAIN: DICTATORSHIP AND REPUBLIC - Coggle Diagram
SPAIN: DICTATORSHIP AND REPUBLIC
THE DICTATORSHIP OF G. MIGUEL PRIMO DE RIVERA
AFTER THE 1923 MILITARY COUP (ACCEPTED BY THE KING) OF PRIMO DE RIVERA
RIGHT-WING DICTATORSHIP
PRIMO DE RIVERA WAS NAMED PRESIDENT
MEASURES
DOMESTIC POLICY
PATRIOTIC UNION ONLY LEGAL PARTY
ELIMINATE NATIONALISM, TERRORISM AND DEMONSTRATIONS
FOREIGN POLICY
DEFINITIVE VICTORY IN THE WAR OF MOROCCO
HIGH INTERNATIONAL PRESTIGE
ECONOMY
BUILD LARGE PUBLIC WORKS
HYDROELECTRIC STATIONS, ROADS, CANALS
STATE MONOPOLIES
CAMPSA
COMPAÑÍA TELEFÓNICA
INCREASING UNREST SINCE 1928
POPULATION WANTED A PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
MILITARY UPSETTING
AFTER THE CRISIS OF '29 UNREST GREW UNDER THE POPULATION
IN 1930, THE KING WHITHDREW HIS SUPPORT FOR THE DICTATOR
PRIMO DE RIVERA RESIGNED
A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY WAS REESTABLISHED
THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
IN APRIL 1931 ELECTIONS WERE HELD
THE REPUBLICAN-SOCIALIST COALITION WON
ALFONSO XIII WENT INTO EXILE
ON 14 APRIL 1931, THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC WAS PROCLAIMED
STAGES
CENTRE-RIGHT BIENNIUM (1933-1936)
AS THE LEFT-WING GOVERNMENT CAUSED DISCONTENT AMONG RIGHT-WING POLITICIANS AND LEFT-WING RADICALS, THERE WAS A COUP IN 1932, WHICH FAILED
IN 1933 A CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE OPPOSITION ENDED WITH THE LIFE OF A BUNCH OF CIVILIANS. THE STATE WAS BLAMED FOR THEIR DEATH AND MANUEL AZAÑA RESIGNED.
CENTRE-RIGHT PARTIES WON THE ELECTIONS
A CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENT WAS ESTABLISHED
NICETO ALCALÁ ZAMORA NAMED LERROUX AS HEAD OF GOVERNMENT
LERROUX SUSPENDED THE REFORMS MADE BY THE PREVIOUS GOVERNMENT
LERROUX WAS SUPPORTED BY THE CONF. ESPAÑ. DE DERECHAS AUTÓNOMAS (CEDA) LED BY GIL ROBLES
IN 1934 THE COMMUNIST PARTIES AND THE TRADE UNIONS ORGANISED A GENERAL STRIKE THAT FAILED IN ALL SPAIN, APART FROM IN ASTURIAS AND CATALUÑA
IN ASTURIAS THERE WAS A SOCIAL REV. MINERS TOOK CONTROL OF THE COALFIELDS AND PROCLAIMED A REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
IN CATALUÑA THERE WAS A POLITICAL REV. ITS LEADER, LLUIS COMPANYS PROCLAMED A CATALAN STATE
THE ARMY INTERVENED AND THE REVOLUTION ENDED.
DISCONTENT STILL GREW AND ELECTIONS WERE HELD IN 1936
POPULAR FRONT
LEFT-WING PARTIES ALLIED AND FORMED THE POPULAR FRONT, WHICH WON THE ELECTIONS IN 1936
MANUEL AZAÑA BECAME THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
CASARES QUIROGA WAS NAMED HEAD OF THE GOVERNMENT
GREAT PART OF THE LEFT-WING PREVIOUS GOVERNMENT REFORMS WERE RESUMED
THIS PROVOKED PROTESTS AND DISCONTENT AMONG EXTREME RIGHT-WING AND LEFT-WING GROUPS
LEFT-WING / REFORMIST BIENNIUM (1931-1933)
MANUEL AZAÑA HEAD OF THE GOVERNMENT
NICETO ALCALÁ ZAMORA PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
WRITING OF A NEW CONSTITUTION
REFORMS
TERRITORIAL REFORMS
CATALUÑA, PAÍS VASCO AND GALICIA WERE GIVEN STATUTES OF AUTONOMY
RIGHT-WING POLITICIANS CONSIDERED THIS AN ATTACK ON SPAIN'S INTEGRITY
MILITARY REFORMS
THE AZAÑA LAW REDUCED ARMY OFFICERS AND PRIORITISED ACADEMY RATHER THAN MILITARY ACHIEVEMENTS
MILITARY LEADERS OPPOSED THIS CHANGE
AGRICULTURAL REFORMS
LANDS FROM BIG LANDOWNERS WERE EXPROPIATED AND GIVEN TO LANDLESS PEASANTS
IT WAS VERY SLOW SO LANDLESS PEASANTS WERE AS UPSET AS LANDOWNERS
LABOUR REFORMS
THE LAW OF LABOUR CONTRACTS FORCED BUSINESSMEN TO NEGOTIATE WORK. CONDITIONS WITH TRADE UNIONS
EIGHT-HOUR WORKING DAY, MINIMUM WAGE AND PAID HOLIDAYS WERE ESTABLISHED.
BUSINESS OWNERS WERE OPPOSED TO THIS
EDUCATIONAL REFORMS
A SECULAR, MIXED-GENDER, COMPULSORY FREE EDUCATION SYSTEM WAS ESTABLISHED
THE CHURCH WAS OPPOSED TO THIS