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Digestive and Urinary System Grecia Lopez, Per. 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Tongue
        
        Functions to grip, reposition, and mix food during chewing
        
        Forms bolus (food + saliva)
        
        Allows for swallowing, speech, and taste
    - - Digestive Processes in the stomach
        '1. Break down the food
        
        Holding area for food
        
        Deliver chyme into the small intestine
        
        Denatures proteins by HCl
        
        Pepsin carries out enzymatic digestion of proteins
        
        Lipid-soluble alcohols and aspirin are absorbed into the blood
        
        Only stomach function essential to life is secretion of intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption
    - - Digestive Processes in the Small Intestine
        
        Chyme from the stomach contains partially digested carbs, proteins, and undigested fats
        
        After a meal segmentation occurs which mixes and moves contents to the ileocecal valve
        
        Parasympathetic increases motility; sympathetic decreases it
        
        Between meals is that peristalsis occurs, initiated by a rise in the hormone motillin in the later intestinal phase
        
        Meal reminants, bacteria, and debris are moved toward the large intestine
        
        The Illeocecal sphincter relaxes and admits chyme into the large intestine:
        
        Gastroileal reflex enhances the force of segmentation in the iluem
        
        Gastrin increases motiility in Ileum
        
        Ileocecal valve flaps close when the cyme exerts backward pressure
        
        Prevents regurgitation into the ileum
    - - Colon
        
        Is formed of most retro peritoneal
        
        Ascending Colon: Right side of abdominal cavity to the right kidney (has the right colic flexure)
        
        Transverse Colon: Travels across the abdominal cavity (had the left colic flexure)
        
        Descending Colon: Travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity
        
        Sigmoid Colon: S-Shaped portion that travels through the pelvis
        
        Bacterial Flora
        
        Consists of 1000+ different types of bacteria
        
        Its metabolic functions include fermentation, vitamin synthesis, gut bacteria, and health.
        
        Gut bacteria can influence weight, susceptibility to various disease, and our moods.
  - - - Bile
        
        Yellow-green, alkaline solution that contains bile salts and bilirubin
        
        Bacteria break down in intestine stercoblin that gives brown color of feces