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Digestive and Urinary System Nicole Greet per.1 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive and Urinary System Nicole Greet per.1
Functions of Urinary System
Balance the body's fluids. Balance a variety of electrolytes. Release hormones to control blood pressure. Release a hormone to control red blood cell production.
Digestive enzymes
Help with digestion
Nucleases (for nucleic acids)
Lipases (for lipids)
Amylase (for carbohydrates)
Proteases (for proteins): secreted in inactive form to prevent self-digestion
Layers of the GI tract
Muscularis externa: muscle layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
Serosa: outermost layer which is made up of visceral periltoneum
Submucosa: help organs to regain shape after storing lrage meal
Stomach: cardia (surrounds cardial orfice), fundus (dome shaped region beneath diaphragm, body (midportion, (pyloric part: wider and more superior portion of pyloric
Mucosa: tunic layer that lines lumen. Secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Polyps (growths): the symptoms are bloody stool, diarrhea, and constipation. The treatment is diet adjustment or surgery.
Peptic ulcers: Sores on lining of stomach: Symptoms are heartburn, vomiting, and bloating. The treatments are medication and surgery.
Bladder Cancer: Abnormal bladder. The symptoms are back pain, lower abdomen pain, and pain when you pass urine. The treatment is radiation or chemo therapy.
IBD: inflammation in the digestive tract. The symptoms ae cramping, fever, and anemia. The treatment is surgery, antibiotics, or medication.
GERD: allows the contents of the stomach to move back into the esophagus. Some symptoms are chest pain, heartburn, and dry cough. The treatment is surgery or medication.
UTI: Abnormal growth of bacteria in urinary tract. The symptoms ae burning when urinating and cloudy urine. The treatment is oral antibiotic pills
Kidney Stones: Hard stones in kidneys. A symptom is sharp cramping pain. Treatments include ureteroscopy and medication.
Cholecystitis: an inflammation of the gallbladder. Symptoms are fever, chills, and sweating. Treatable with medication, fasting, and antibiotics.
Major organs of urinary system
Hepatic veins, Esophagus, Inferior vena cava, Adrenal gland, Aorta, Iliac crest, Uterus (female only), Urethra, Urinary bladder, Ureter, Kidney, Renal vein, Renal hilum, and Renal artery
Major organs of digestive system
Two Groups
Alimentary Canal
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
Accessory Digestive Organs
Teeth, tongue, and gallbladder
Functions of Digestive System
Take in food, Break the food down into nutrient molecules, absorb molecules into bloodstream, and rid body of any indigestible remains
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Fat
Their site of action is the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
Their path of absorption is fatty acids and monoglycerides enter the intestinal cells via diffusion. Fatty acids and monoglycerides are recombined to form triglycerides and then combined with other lipids and proteins within the cells. The resulting chylomicrons are extruded by exocytosis. The chylomicrons enter lacteals of villi and are transported to the systemic circulation via the lymph in the thoracic duct. Some short- chain fatty acids are absorbed, move into the capillary blood in the villi by diffusion, and are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
Protein: Their site of action is the stomach to the small intestine.
Their path of absorption is amino acids are absorbed via cotransport of Na+. Dipeptides and tripeptides are absorbed via cotransport with H+ and hydrolyzed to animo acids within the cells. Transcytosis of small peptides occures. Amino acids leave the epithelial cells by facilitated diffusion, enter the capillary blood in the villi, and are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
Nucleic Acid
Their site of action is the small intestine.
Their path of absorption is units enter intestinal cells by active transport via membrane carriers. Units are absorbed into the capillary blood in the villi and transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
Carbohydrate: Their site of action is from the mouth to small intestine.
Glucose and galactose are absorbed via cotransport with Na+. Fructose passes via facilitated diffusion. All monosaccharides leave the epithelial cells via facilitated diffusion, enter the capillary blood in the villi, and are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
Nephron anatomy and physiology
structural and functional units that forms urine in the Kidneys
Two Parts
Renal corpuscle
Glomerulus
Tuft of capillaries composed of fenestrated endothelium. Allows for efficient filtrate formation
Glomerular capsule
Renal tubule
Filtration slits between foot processes allow filtrate to pass into
capsular space