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To what extent is colonisation an ongoing process for women in the Global…
To what extent is colonisation an ongoing process for women in the Global South?
Social effects
Social structures
Protecting the female other
Understanding of the other as barbaric
Feminism focus on white bourgeois womanhood
Women not from the West were seen as without gender, sexually marked as female but no traits of femininity
A true woman was seen as the white and patriarchal understanding
Female agency
Conceptualisation of gender
Intersex isn't recognised
Neutralising sexual differences
Domestic relations
Simplified social relations
Hegemonic discourses could be reproduced
Religion
Church and missionary programs
Condemnation of indigenous religion
Removal of female figures in religion
Church and school were intertwined
Male symbol of God and Jesus
While women made up the body of the Church men held positions of power, unlikely previously
Education
Underfunding
Male bias
Illiteracy in women
Imposition of Western education
Church and school were intertwined
Health
HIV
British Colonial Development and Welfare Act 1940
Lack of welfare provisions
Post colonial capacity was not adequate
General
Colonial Background
The state is an important aspect of investigation and it is hierarchically arranged set of power relations
The imposition of races, inferiorising Africans
The inferiorisation of anafemales
Empire was a masculine space
Women are seen to follow men in migration and aren't investigated individually
Administration was mostly men
Women background
Feminist approach
In ensure to use an intersectional approach
Not overlooking the processes of the state and class formations
History
History has been dominated by discourse of male actors
Political
Legal
Men held positions in the court
Men in positions of power would ignore women who were asking for help
Political structures
Women were ignored in colonial political structures
Excluded from local administrative systems
By independence systems were reformed to bias men
Local politics banned womej
The state
Elites were brought in to change state construction and this rose from colonialism and stayed for post-colonialism
Economic
Training of jobs with male bias
Women were set to the domestic sphere or roles
Development schemes preference to men
Taxation
Fear that women would be taxed separately led to the Aba Women's War of Nigeria
New cash economy
Men get targeted for cash crop production
Trade taken away from women
Food production
Dissatisfaction with the money offered for women's produced crops e.g. Palm led to Women's War
Capitalist Eurocentered mode of power
Some suggest that it gave women enconomic indepndence
However, this is suggested to bring higher levels of domestic violence
Land
Individual property rights for men
Women loose customary rights