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P6 - Radioactivity Part 2 - Coggle Diagram
P6 - Radioactivity Part 2
Atoms
An atoms is described as a positively charged nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons with the nuclear radius much small than that of the atom and most mass concentrated in the nucleus
Parts of an atom
Proton
+1 charge
1 relative mass
Neutron
0 charge
1 relative mass
Electron
-1 charge
1/1835 relative mass
Neutral as number of protons and electrons are equal, cancels the charge.
Nuclear fission
When an unstable nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei and soem neutrons with a release of energy.
Common fissionable substances: Uranium 235 and Plutonium 239.
Used to produce electricity by heating water into steam to turn a generator.
Different shells/energy levels where electrons orbit the nucleus.
When enough energy is absorbed by the electron, it can move one shell above, away from the nucleus.
When enough energy is emitted by the electron, it can move down an energy level, closer to the nucleus.
Nuclear fusion
When two smaller nuclei fuse together under high heat and pressure to form a single, larger nucleus with a release of energy
Hydrogen fuse together in the Sun to produce energy and cause thermal expansion.