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Presidential political system in Turkey - Coggle Diagram
Presidential political system in Turkey
1982 Constitution of the Republic bolstered the executive structure of the existing parliamentary system.
Türgut Ozal and Suleiman Demirel (former presidents)began the debates to exoand the constitutional powers in the legislative and executive processes in favor od a stonger presidential or semi presidential system
The constitution ammenmet in 2007, ended up streghtening the mandate of the president through the introduction of popular elections for the presidency
Turkish parliamentary system took now the form of a hybrid regime: Semi parliamentarism
2014: first presidential elections . Prime Miinister Recep Tayip Erdogan " I'll be an assertive president and an active one" suggesting he would surpass the established provisions designe for the presidency.
which he did, he handpicket and selected his party successor and promised to figh agains the dual authorities which was the major setback of turkish politics
this developped into a monopolization of power under executive political degradation and civic pluralism
Since 2011, the legislation tend to reform the legilature in favor of "national security"
2016, following the inttend of coup, the president under mourning threats of terrorist attacks in urban centers and resultant public despair, a constitutional ammendment bill , intoducing a presidential system designed and propose Erdogan's Party (AKP) to be the majority in the parliament.
Historical facts: 2002= AKP ELECTORAL VICTORY PUT INTO POWER A STRONG ONE-PARTY GOVERNMENT
Ammendments of the constitution: presidency period (4 to 5 years), direct popular presidency elections fro a five year term, re setting the parliaments meeting quorum. The ammendments got aproved but there was a lack of clarity and as they entered into force after president Gül election, they did not know if he shiuld apply or govern up from 5 to 7 years
This give the AKP the chance to campaign for a more and new civilian made and liberal constitution to reflect a broad societal concensus
Erdogan announce his idea of a turkish like presidency and presented a draft
SYSTEM BASED ON THE RE INTERPRETATION OF POLITICAL POWERS
Ex military weak institutional settings tend to be transformed into a more power concentration institucional settings which enable politicians to exercise large discretion of over how to enforce rules.
This enables leaders plea for a constitutional changes to redistribute power, calling up for partisanship that will probably be demonstrated in plebicitary rule
Formal and informat institutions disrupttion of the democratic order
Concentration and presonalisation of power in the chied executive were and are often accompanied by constitutional ammendments and proceed as cases of hyper presidentail exercise if power
Turkey was crafted under military regimes and the constitutions of 61 and 82 lacked of political legitimacy
In those times, the president was elected by party that held the majority seats in the parliament
ex military were elected and depended of the distribution of power among the parliament. The very few electoral presidencies were regarded in the parliament as impossion of the government due to the majority it held. This time, ex parlamentaries made its appereance
other problem that denote the weakness of the system: the submission of the executive under the preassure of the majority power
No balance of power = weak formal +infromal institutions + personalism, patrimonialism of the party leader