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Teaching Speaking - Coggle Diagram
Teaching Speaking
Approaches to Speaking
How to organise speaking lessons in order to get the students talk more
Choose a good topic and give cues
Avoid the talk-talk loop (where only the teacher talks)
Structure the talk (so everyone can participate)
Use open questions
Play the devil's advocate (take the opposite viewpoint)
Ways to achieve fluency and confidence
Activities
Learners repeat sentences
Little chat at the start of the lesson
Learners listen to recording and practice repeating words
Learners prepare a monologue about their hobbies and deliver a 5 minute speech
Keys to get a good discussion going
Frame the discussion well
Preparation time
Don't interrupt the flow
Focus on specific problems
Role cards
Buzz groups
Break the rules if necessary
Role play, real play and simulation
Role play
Students get a role card with information about their role
It can be guidance (buy a train ticket)
or just a simple role (pop star)
They also contain background information
Design them to have different view points
Can be designed to practice specific pieces of language
Running a role play
Make sure students understand the idea of roleplay
Make sure that the context and situation is clear
Do they understand the information on their card
Give them time to prepare their ideas
Give some feedback at the end of the roleplay
Real play
One of the students play himself/herself in a context other than the classroom
This person explain the context to the others
They try to recreate it in the class
It allows students to practice language they need in their own life
Simulation
It's basically a large-scale role play
Role cards with backcground information
Newspaper articles
Graphs
Memos
The aim is to create a more complex context (world)
Different kinds of speaking
Genre
A genre is a variety of speech you would expect to find a particular place, with particular people, in a particular context to achieve a particular result
How to be more specific about genre
Add information about WHY the speaking is being done and WHERE it is being done
Why is genre important?
It is vital for the speakrer to choose a genre before his/her speaking act
The speaker should know the appropriate ways of speaking in different situations
Factors involved in speech acts
Pronounciation
Context
A level of politeness
Organising information
Interactions
Speaking strategies
Language items
Stages in speaking lesson
Set task
Plan the speaking
Rehearse the speaking
Do the task
Feedback
Add, Correct or Revise
Redo the task
Communicative Activities
Some Common Communicative Activities
Picture difference tasks
Group planning tasks
Ranking tasks
Pyramid discussion
Board games
Puzzles and problems
Fluency, accuracy and communication
Running a fluency activity
Main aim is to get students to speak
Reduce your own contributions
Ideas for correction
Write a number of sentences used in the activity on the board and discuss them
Write a story that includes a number of errors you've heard
Write two lists where you write the incorrect sentences used in the activity and their correct form
Scaffolding
Spontaneous correction can be done if
Does not interfere too much
Offer useful language feedback
Actually helps the speaker to construct a conversation
Techniques
Nodding, eye contact (yes, no etc.)
Repeat an unclear word
Echoing meaning
Asking conversation-oiling questions ("Is it?, Do you?"
Giving the correct pronounciation in replies without drawing attention to it