Section 8: Research and Publication
8.02 Informed Consent to Research
(a) Informed consent include
Purpose, duration, and procedures of research
Participant's right to decline and withdraw from research
Consequences of declining/ withdrawing
Potential risks, discomfort, or adverse effects
Prospective research benefit
Confidentiality limits
Participation incentives
Whom to contact for any enquiries
(b) Psychologists clarify to participants at the outset of research
Experimental nature of the experiment
The availability of services to the control group
which assignment to treatment and control groups will be made
available treatment alternatives if an individual does
not wish to participate/ withdraw
compensation or monetary costs for participating
8.01 Institutional Approval
Psychologists conduct research in accordance
with the approved research protocol
8.03 Informed Consent for Recording Voices
and Images in Research
Research consists solely of naturalistic observations in public places, and cause no personal identification or harm
Research design includes deception, and consent for the use of the recording is obtained during debriefing
8.04 Client/Patient, Student, and
Subordinate Research Participants
(a) Psychologists take steps to protect the prospective participants from adverse consequences of declining or withdrawing from participation.
(b) participant is given the choice of equitable alternative activities if participation is a course requirement/ extra credit
Section 8: Research and Publication
8.06 Offering Inducements for Research Participation
8.05 Dispensing with Informed Consent for Research
(1) Where research would not reasonably be assumed to create distress or harm and involves
(a) the study of normal educational practices, curricula, or classroom management methods conducted in educational settings
(b) only anonymous questionnaires, naturalistic observations, or archival research
(c) Factors related to job or organization effectiveness conducted in organizational settings for which there is no risk to participants' employability, and confidentiality is protected
(2) Where otherwise permitted by law or federal or institutional regulation
Psychologists make reasonable efforts to avoid offering excessive or inappropriate financial or other inducements for research participation
When offering professional services as an inducement for research participation, psychologists clarify the nature of the services, as well as the risks, obligations, and limitations.
8.07 Deception in Research
(a) Deceptive techniques are used when justified by the study's significant prospective scientific, educational, or applied value and that effective nondeceptive alternative procedures are not feasible.
(b) Psychologists do not deceive prospective participants about research that may cause physical pain/ severe emotional distress.
(c) Psychologists explain any deception that is an integral feature of the design and conduct of an experiment to participants as early as is feasible
8.08 Debriefing
(a) Psychologists provide prompt opportunity for participants to obtain appropriate information about the nature, results, and conclusions of the research, and they take reasonable steps to correct any misconceptions
(b) If scientific or humane values justify delaying or withholding this information, psychologists take reasonable measures to reduce the risk of harm.
(c) When psychologists become aware that research procedures have harmed a participant, they take reasonable steps to minimize the harm.
Section 8: Research and Publication
8.09 Humane Care and Use of Animals in Research
(a) Psychologists comply with current federal, state, and local laws and regulations, and with professional standards.
(b) Psychologists trained in research methods and experienced in the care of laboratory animals
(c) Psychologists ensure that all individuals under their supervision who are using animals have received instruction in research methods and in the care, maintenance, and handling of the species being used
(d) Psychologists make reasonable efforts to minimize the discomfort, infection, illness, and pain of animal subjects.
(e) Psychologists use a procedure subjecting animals to pain, stress, or privation only when an alternative procedure is unavailable and the goal is justified by its prospective scientific, educational, or applied value.
(f) Psychologists perform surgical procedures under appropriate anesthesia and follow techniques to avoid infection and minimize pain
(g) When it is appropriate that an animal's life be terminated, psychologists proceed rapidly, with an effort to minimize pain and in accordance with accepted procedures.
8.10 Reporting Research Results
(a) Psychologists do not fabricate data
(b) If psychologists discover significant errors in their published data, they take reasonable steps to correct such errors
8.11 Plagiarism
Psychologists do not present portions of another's work or data as their own, even if the other work or data source is cited occasionally.
8.12 Publication Credit
(a) Psychologists take responsibility and credit, including authorship credit, only for work they have actually performed
(b) Principal authorship and other publication credits accurately reflect the relative scientific or professional contributions of the individuals involved, regardless of their relative status
(c) Except under exceptional circumstances, a student is listed as principal author on any multiple-authored article that is substantially based on the student's doctoral dissertation
Section 8: Research and Publication
8.13 Duplicate Publication of Data
Psychologists do not publish, as original data, data that have been previously published
8.14 Sharing Research Data for Verification
(a) After research results are published, psychologists do not withhold the data on which their conclusions are based from other competent professionals who seek to verify the substantive claims
(b) Psychologists who request data from other psychologists to verify the substantive claims through reanalysis may use shared data only for the declared purpose
8.15 Reviewers
Psychologists who review material submitted for presentation, publication, grant, or research proposal review respect the confidentiality of and the proprietary rights in such information of those who submitted it.