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Liberman: Trump presidency and American Democracy: comparative historical…

- - - - Trump personify this threat. though America saw the appereance of other populist leaders before, never got a succes compared to trump's.
        
        The question is ¿Why Trump is not seen as normal politics challenge to settle liberal policy order?
        
        Three configurations: polarized two party presidentialism, politiy divided in membership and status in the political communityand erosion f democratic norms at the elite and mass levesl
        
        Each of these by their own are not dangerous but its combination is
      - Three interconnected themes can explain the US political scene now a days
        
        Institutions: partisan and ideological polarication (even btwn republicnas and democrats)
- - - - 3 aspects to analyze amrican democary:
        
        Institutions: Linz argue taht prsidentialism is weak because they are more prone to conflict due to separately elected and and independently accountable executive and legistature. Thought the US was save from that as it followed a system the winner takes it all
        
        the US president had few constitutional powers especially reated to the presidential systems.
        
        problem polarization and partisanship of parties
        
        this has pushed the presidents to gvern by executive action with increasibly divisive consequences (mainly govern through by and for the winners party) no inbetween
        
        this was conquered by Trump whose ideals were protrayed in the Tea party movement present in the grass roots of republicanism
        
        1 more item...
        
        Civil memebership and status
        
        In the American traditiion civic membership and status has been shaped profoundly by the racial structure of American Society. this shaped the systeman as it is right now. It never got corrected
        
        parties have also mobilized racial lines . American political parties have choosen sides.
        
        Trump succed caus he knew how to re mobilize resentment
        
        Trump also sought how to mobilize distrust to the mass public sector
        
        For Rustow the only precondition for democracy was unity (that ofcourse the US never had
        
        Democratic norms
        
        respect and unity change over the centuries
        
        GnDER, RACIAL, FAIR FREEDOM AND POPEN POLITICAL COMPTETITION EMERGED ONLY OVER TIME
        
        THE FOUNDERS THEMSELVE DID NOT SPECIFIED OR DEVELOP THE IDEAS OF POLITICAL COMPETITION , LEGITIMACY OF POLITICAL OPOSITION AND THE IMORTANCE OF FREE PRESS AND WELL FUNCTIONING POLITICAL SYSTEM
    - - Trumps first problem: THE CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL ORDER . the new deal-> after wwII, change the isolationist view of the USA and engaged in shared global norMS. Even reagan never really turn its back at it
        
        The "remnants" of globalisation
        
        Adam Przeworski: essential ingredients of democracy are:
        1.- affluence,
        growth with moderate inflation
        declining inequality
        a favorable internatinal climat e
        and parliamentary institutions
        
        The US now, only meet 2 of these five criteria