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ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION - Coggle Diagram
ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION
Water Sanitation and Hygiene
Waterborne
Direct drinking of water contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms
Protozoa
Entamoeba histolytica
Amebic dysentery
Bacteria
Leptospira interrogans
leptospirosis
Viruses
Rotavirus
diarrhea
Waterwashed
water-scarce diseases
diseases which thrive in water scarcity and poor sanitation
Soil-transmitted helminths
Ascaris spp
Trichuris trichura
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator Americanus
Acute respiratory infections
Skin and eye diseases
Scabies
impetigo
trachoma
yaws
conjunctivitis
skin ulcers
Fleas, ticks, and lice
Water-based diseases
infections caused by parasitic pathogens found in aquatic host organisms
skin penetration
Schistosomiasis
Caused by some species of blood trematodes (flukes) in the genus Schistosoma
ingesting the infective forms
dracunculiasis
ingestion of larvae in crustacean
paragonimiasis
metacercariae ingested in crab or crayfish
clonorchiasis
metacercariae ingested in fish
Water-related or vector-transmitted diseases
diseases caused by the insect vectors breeding in and around water bodies
Mosquito-borne diseases
malaria
yellow fever
dengue fever
filariasis
Fly-borne diseases
onchocerciasis
loiasis
Food Borne
Intoxication
caused by ingestion of toxin produced by pathogens
infection
caused by ingestion of food containing viable pathogens
Bacteria
66%
acute diarrheas
Campylobacter
Salmonella spp
Shigella spp
Staphylococcus aureus
nontyphoidal
Salmonella
enteropathogenic E coli
V cholerae
intoxications
Clostridium
Clostridium
perfringens
Bacillus cereus
enterotoxigenic E coli
chronic diarrheas
Brucella spp
Listeria spp
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
in immunocompetent hosts
nontuberculous
in immunocompromised hosts
Viruses
4%
Food handling and food contamination
Norovirus
hepatitis A
Zoonotic food borne viruses
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
monkey pox
Nipah virus
Parasites
4%
Protozoa
Cryptosporidium spp
Giardia intestinalis
Cyclospora cayetenensis
Toxoplasma gondii
Roundworms
Trichinella spp
Anisakis spp
Tapeworms
Diphyllobothrium spp
Taenia spp
Chemicals and toxins
26%
Insecticides
poisonous plants
oysters
mussels
ingest dinoflagellates
saxitoxin
clams
ingest marine algae
ingest marine algae
ciguatera toxin
ingestion of puffer fish
tetrodotoxin
Vector Borne
Mosquitoes
Aedes aegypti
yellow fever
chikungunya
Dengue
Zika
Aedes albopictus
dengue
Chikungunya
West Nile virus
Culex quinquefasciatus
Lymphatic filariasis
Anopheles spp
Malaria
lymphatic filariasis
Haemagogus spp
Yellow fever
Sandflies
Leishmaniasis
Triatomine bugs
Chagas disease
Ticks
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
tick-borne encephalitis
typhus
Lyme disease
Fleas
Plague
murine typhus
Flies
Human African trypanosomiasis
onchocerciasis
Mother to child
Congenital/vertical
Transplacental transmission via blood
Perinatal
Vaginal/cervical contact during delivery
Contact via breast milk
Multiple modes of transmission
Direct contact, airborne, and ingestion of contaminated meat
Insect bites, blood transfusion, needles, and congenital
Skin/mucosa contact, needles, blood transfusion