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GERMANY history - Coggle Diagram

- - - - head of state- president - elected every 7 years - could suspend constitution and pass laws by decree - chose the chancellor
      - The chancellor- head of the government -chose all government ministers
      - Reichstag- controlled taxation - elected every 4 years
    - - proportional representation meant that smaller parties had a air share of seats
      - women were able to vote
      - voting age was reduced from 25 to 21
      - central government was more powerful than before but local governments still retained power in the regions
      - the Reichsrat could regulate the power of the Reichstag by delaying the new laws to be passed
    - - proportional representation led to coalition governments that were unstable, or found it difficult to have strong policies and often fell apart
      - lack of a strong government= the president was passing laws without going through the Reichstag article 48 meant this could happen = this wasn't the choice of the people so that was not popular
  - - - £6600 million should be paid back as reparations army was limited to 100000 navy limited to 6 ships 12 destroyed no air force was allowed
      - Germany lost 13% of its European territory
      - "STAB IN THE BACK" - many German people NEVER believed that their army was defeated those who criticised the treaty said the army had been betrayed by politicians and if they hasn't had surrendered that they could have won they felt like it was a stab in the back from the politicians
  - - - had backing from soviet union,,, led by rosa luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
      - In January 1919, they took over the governments newspaper and telegraph burea and tried to organise a general strike . The weimar government sent the FREIKORGS unis to put down thereolt- there was street fighting for many days and both the leaders were shot
    - - In march 1920 freikorps- ex soldiers who had kept their weapons fearing unemployment decided to march on berlin. Ebert asked the head of the army to resist the freikorps but he refused. A nationalist politician Wolfgang Kapp was put in charge by the rebels and the weimar government fled berlin for safty. In order to put downthe kapp putch the government organised trade unions to go on strike and the kapps could not rule and was forced to flee and weimar returned
- - - - Because Germany could not pay reparations to the French. They failed to send coal to France from the Ruhr coalfields.
      - Germany was bankrupt, it's reserves of gold had all been spent in the war. They had deprived Germany of wealth earning areas such as coalfields in Leisure. The reparations meant Germany had to pay money to the USA and France.
      - December 1922 Germany failed to send coal to France from the Ruhr as they were supposed to by reparations. In retaliation the French invaded the Ruhr in January 1923.
      - They confiscated war materials, manufactured goods and industrial machinery.
    - - Encouraged workers to engage in passive resistance - go on strike in the Ruhr.
        
        Workers went on strike - there was sabotage. the French responded by arresting those who obstructed them and brought in their own workers.
        
        The Germans resented the French. they also resented the failure of the Weimar Republic to resist the French but they had no choice due to the restriction of the army to 100, 000 under the Treaty of Versailles.
  - - - The price of a loaf of bread:
      - in 1919 1 mark
      - in 1922 100 marks
      - in 1923 to 200000 billion marks
  - - - people couldn't afford essentials like bread
      - wages rose but not as quickly as prices increased
      - some businesses went bankrupt
      - savings became worthless this affects the middle class the most
      - made the weimar more unpopular
    - - farmers benefited as they were paid more for food
      - some people and businesses could pay off loans and mortgages
      - fixed rents for rooms became very cheap and foreign visitors could buy more for their money
- - - - supply of these bank notes were tightly controlled ad thir value was tied to the price of gold so it had real value this encourgaded more public confidence back into the currency
      - it provided a much stronger basis for the recovery of jobs and businesses
    - - between britain,france,italy and belgium
      - Germany agreed to its new border with France and helped restore relations with France
      - Allies and Germany agreed t permanent demilitarisation of the Rhineland
      - German membership of the league of nations were up for discussion
    - - committed countries to avoiding the use of war to achieve foreign policy objectives
      - showed Germany as a strong power again
    - - hoped to discuss world problems in order to avoid war. Set up in 1920 but Germany was banned but in 1926, they were invited to be a member
- - - - some of the gains in equality brought about because of the war were lost , women gave up work when they were married in 1918 75% were in work but by 1925 it had dropped till 36% , increase in part time work and women were encouraged to go to university
    - - greater earning meant more independent women who were less inerested in marriage and more interested in having a good time, some traditional Germans did not like this
    - - earned the vte in 19818 and 90% of women voted