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Disorders of the nose👃 - Coggle Diagram
Disorders of the nose👃
Allergic rhinitis
Definition
Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an allergic response that reasons sneezing, congestion, itchy nose and sore throat.
Pathophysiology
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic disease of the nostril brought about after publicity to allergens by IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, which are characterized by means of 4 cardinal symptoms of watery rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, nasal itching and sneezing
Symptoms
Nasal stuffiness (congestion), sneezing and runny nose.
Itchy nose, throat and eyes.
Headaches, sinus pain and darkish circles underneath the eyes.
Increased mucus in the nose and throat
Fatigue and malaise (general feeling of discomfort).
Sore throat from mucus dripping down the throat (postnasal drip).
Wheezing, coughing and bother breathing.
Causes
Are caused by allergens - any harmless substance like dust, smoke, pollution, animal fur, dander or pollen that trigger an allergic reaction
Nursing management and interventions
Teach the patient and parents on how to use nasal sprays by blowing the nose first then administering the medication.
Encourage medication compliance.
Encourage a routine cleaning of the house, furniture, and equipment which may house dust and other pollens.
Epistaxis
Definition
Bleeding from the nose, either spontaneous or induced by nose picking or trauma.
Pathophysiology
Most nasal bleeding is anterior, originating from a plexus of vessels in the anteroinferior septum (Kiesselbach's area). Less common but greater serious are posterior nosebleeds, which originate in the posterior septum overlying the vomer bone, or laterally on the inferior or middle turbinate.
Causes
Local trauma is the most common cause
Facial trauma
Foreign bodies
Nasal or sinus infection
Prolonged inhalation of dry air
Children usually present with epistaxis due to local irritation or recent upper respiratory infection (URI).
Symptoms
bleeding from one or both nostrils and bleeding down the lower back of the throat with spitting, coughing, or vomiting of blood.
Nursing management and interventions
Ensure bedside suction is functioning properly
Obtain vital signs and SpO2 level, and assess her breath sounds. Administer supplemental oxygen via facemask if needed. Continue to monitor vital signs closely.
Administer medication as prescribed
Put on protective gear, including gown, gloves, and face shields. Quickly assess the ABCs (airway, breathing, and circulation) and support them as indicated.
Reassure the patient
References
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://coggle.it/diagram/XJ6CdQOPoIpkRl7X/t/disorders-of-the-nose&ved=2ahUKEwir0JqP09T3AhUSQUEAHXheCuAQFnoECAYQAQ&usg=AOvVaw08oTo5yXp72YcsgNv48uNl