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b1 ; - Coggle Diagram
b1 ;
genes
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chromosomes
chromosomes is a long strand of dna thats coiled up. they contain many genes . they are found in the nucleas
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mitosis
mitosis is the production of 2 identicle cells ; there is 3 stages to it 1) dna replicates to form 2 copies of chromosome 2) 1 set of chromosome pulled to each end of cell causing nucleas to divide 3) cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identicle cells.
its essnetial for growth , happens with asexual reproduction and mitosis happens when organism repairs itself.
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enzymes , digestion and organsation
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digestion
1) MOUTH = food is chewed and enzymes break down starch into smaller molecules
2) food passes down the OESUPHAGUS into stomach
3) STOMACH is where enzymes digest proteins (contains hydrochloric acid)
4)fluid from stomach goes into small intestine
5) pancreas releases enzymes that digest starch and protein
6) liver releases bile helps speed up digestion of lipids , bile also neutralises the acid released from the stomach
6) large intestine absorbs water.
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organisation
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structure
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has 4 chambers (left atirum , right atrium , left ventricle ,, right ventricle) the atriums are seperated from ventricles by valves . vena cava brings in deoxygenated blood from the body. blood goes into the right atrium , down to the right ventricle and ut the pulmanory vein to the lungs. the lungs then oxygenate the blood. the left pulmanory vein brings the oxygenated blood back to heart into left atrium down to left vnetricles and then out the aorta to be pumped to rest of body
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heart problems
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faulty heart valve
what is it
when valves in heart are damaged and weakened by heart attacks , old age , infection. causes the valve tissue to stiffen so wont open as easily or valves become leaky so blood flows in both directions so blood doesnt circulate as effectively.
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coronary heart disease ; layers of fatty material builds up inside the coronary arteries. causing the arteries to narrow , reducing blood flow and reducing lack of oxygen for the heart. this results in heart attacks as lack of oxygen.
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function of heart
function of the heart is to get deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated and then send the oxygenated blood to the body. it is also to keep the blood pumping around the body.
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componants of blood
RBC
red blood cells carry oxygen from lungs to cell in body , it has a biconcave shape(lsa) , no nucleas , contains haemogoblin (binds to oxygen to carry it)
platelets
used for clotting blood , is a fragment of cells so no nucleas , stops infection and internal bleeding,
plasma
liquid that carries everything (RBC , WBC , platelets) also nutrients , co2 (organs to lungs) , urea (liver to kidney) , hormones , proteins ,
WBC
defends against infection , has phagocytosis (change shape to eat microorganisms) , produce antibodies to fight infection , have a nucleas
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