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The Living World - Coggle Diagram
The Living World
Hot Deserts
very hot in the day (up to 40oC), cold at night (0oC)
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Dry, less than 250mm rain a year
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Plant adaptations - small leaves to prevent eater loss, long tap rots to reach underground water, waxy skin, spines instead of leaves, succulents store water in their stems
Animal adaptations - fennec foxes have large ears for heat loss and thick fur for cold nights, Camels store fat in hump for when food is scarce & have long eyelashes against sand, Sidewinder snakes moved sideways to minimise body contact with hot sand
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Desertification - when land gradually turns into deserts, usually happens on land bordering deserts
Causes of Desertification- climate change (rising global temp,), overgrazing, over-cultivation, fuelwood - trees being felled, salinisation- poor irrigation of crops leads to rapid evaporation of water and build up of salts in soil which kills plants
How to reduce desertification- manage irrigation to prevent salt buildup, tree planting - reduces soil erosion because the roots bind the soil, new technology to reduce need for fuel wood eg. solar energy
Thar Desert
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Population growing because of development opportunities 1) Mineral mining (for minerals for fertiliser) 2) energy generation (solar and wind) 3) Tourism 4) Commercial farming due to an effective irrigation system from Gandhi Canal
Challenges of development 1)Very hot, over 50 degress C makes working difficult 2) limited water supply 3) Inaccessibility
Ecosystem
Non living parts (abiotic) - climate, soil, water
Food chain - energy and nutrients are passed from one organism to the next - sun (energy)-producer-consumer-decomposer
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Nutrient Cycle - shows how minerals are stored, moved and recycled within an ecosystem
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Biome - large scale ecosystem, determined by climate eg tropical rainforests and hot deserts
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Tropical Rainforests
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No distinct seasons although amazon does have a "dry' season, Tropical Rainforests - found near equator between 23.5 degrees N and 23.5 degrees S of equator
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home to half of the worlds animal species eg toucans, jaguars, gorillas
plant adaptations - smooth bark and waxy "drip" leaves for water to run off, tall trees have buttress roots for support, plants have shallow roots because there is only a thin layer of fertile soil
Aminal adaptations - poisonous dart frogs are colourful and poisonous to ward off predators,
Reasons for Deforesttation -
Subsistence farming (slash and burn)
Farming for cattle, rice, palm oil
Logging
Mineral extraction
Energy - HEP e.g balbina reservoir
Road building
Effects of deforestation - soil erosion, climate change (trees in amazon store 20% of earths carbon, cutting them down releases more CO2, also less CO2 absorbed), loss habitat, loss plant species for medicine discoveries
How to stop deforestation-
- Conservation and education
- selective logging and replanting
- Reduce debt - some HIC have reduced LIC debts, they don't need to make money from farming, logging etc to pay it back
- ecotourism - makes money
- international agreements to protect rainforests