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Details of 5 Kingdoms - Coggle Diagram

- - - - STRUCTURE
        
        unicellular
        
        cells often remain attached
        after division forming
        clumps, chains or simple filaments
      - can occupy virtually
        all habitats
      - nutrition
        varied
        
        some heterotrophs
        (feed on ready-made
        organic foods)
        
        digest food externally
        & absorb it
        
        some autotrophs
        (make own organic nutrients
        from raw materials - H2O/CO2)
        
        carry out photosynthesis or
        chemosynthesis)
    - - STRUCTURE
        
        spherical/rod-shaped cells
        of unicellular structure
        
        arranged in simple or branched
        multicellular filaments
      - photosynthetic
        organisms
  - - - cell
        membrane
      - DNA lies free in cytoplasm
        (not organised into chromosomes)
      - small
        ribosomes
      - contains
        plasmids
      - cell walls made of
        peptidoglycan
      - NO:
        
        nucleus
        
        membrane-bound organelles
        
        mitochondria
        +microtubules
        
        endoplasmic reticulum
      - contains mesosome
        (plays role in synthesis of new
        cell wall material + holds
        DNA in position when being copied)
  - - - why not just keep increasing in size?
        need large SA:V ratio to gain food
        rapidly by diffusion+active transport
- - - - large diverse
        group
      - occasionally live out of
        water e.g. in damp soils/
        moist surfaces
        
        oxygen - producing photosynthetic
        eukaryotes have evolved in + exploited
        an aquatic environment
      - bodies lack true stems,
        roots and leaves
        (why? lack xylem+phloem)
      - nutrition = autotrophic
        have photosynthetic pigments
        e.g. red + brown algae
      - EXAMPLES -
        Phylum Chlorophyta
        
        green algae
        
        dominant pigment chlorophyll
        
        found freshwater
        
        large range of types:
        
        Chlamydomonas
        unicellular, motile algae
        
        Spirogyra
        filamentous algae
        
        Ulva
        thalloid, marine algae
    - - include great diversity
        of minute, eukaryotic organisms
      - most
        unicellular
      - nutrition =
        heterotrophic
      - reproduction
        by fission
      - EXAMPLE -
        Paramecium
        (not animal as unicellular)
- - - - entire mass of threads
        called MYCELIUM
      - each hypha has thin,
        rigid cell wall made chitin
      - hyphae not divided into true
        cells - instead protoplasm is
        continuous or interrupted at
        intervals by cross-walls (septa)
  - - - secrete hydrolytic enzymes
        into soil by exocytosis
      - then absorb products
        of digestion
      - digestion is external using
        extracellular enzymes
    - - saprotrophs
        feed in dead/decaying organic matter
      - parasites
        live in close association
        with a host from which obtain food
      - mutualists
        live in close association with
        another species - both species
        benefit