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Modern Medicine - Coggle Diagram
Modern Medicine
Magic Bullets
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Behring discovered that the body manufactured antitoxins that only attack the microbe causing a disease
Paul Ehrlich and his team searched for a 'Magic Bullet' - a compound that would attack and kill the microbe causing a specific disease
His team were funded by German government and tested many compounds of Salvarsan to find a cure for syphilis
Dr Hata joined the team and found they had missed a compound that had worked - the 606th, hence Salvarsan 606 which was the first magic bullet
2nd magic bullet:
Domagk developed the second magic bullet prontosil, which cured some types of blood poisoning
The key ingredient in prontosil also cured pneumonia, scarlet fever and meningitis
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Penicillin
Discovery
Alexander Fleming noticed that a bacteria was being killed by a Penicillium mold that he had left on a petri dish as he went on holiday. He tested it on other bacteria and discovered the mold produced an excellent antibiotic.
Fleming published these findings but didn't believe Penicillin would work on living people and had no funding to continue his research
Florey and Chain
Years later Howard Florey and Ernst Chain along with their team continued Fleming's research on penicillin
It was effective on mice so they tested it on humans - penicillin killed bacteria and therefore the infection - it was a miracle drug
Penicillin was not being used for treatment as a lot was needed for one patient - growing the mould took time and was expensive
Uk companies and drug factories refused as they were being used for the war effort - US agreed but on a small scale
Effectiveness was demonstrated - US drug companies began to mass produce it for the war effort - UK did so also later
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Genetics and lifestyle
Understanding genetics
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New technology in the 20th century (electron microscopes, x rays) let scientists analyse human cells in greater detail. They found that every cell in the human body contains DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick worked together to find the structure of DNA and how the codes fitted together
Crick and Watson analysed X rays by Maurice Wilkens and Rosaline franklin at Kings college London and worked out that DNA had the structure of a double helix
James Watson then led the human genome project and started identifying and mapping every gene in the human DNA
For 10 years there was 19 teams of scientists across the globe working together to map out all the genes in the human body
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NHS and Liberal reforms
NHS
Establishment of NHS led to improved access to care due to all treatment being free so everyone could access the same care.
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Creation of NHS
Beveridge report
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Beveridge report recommended a government ran healthcare system that helped people from 'cradle to grave' as he put it
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This report led to a welfare state as a result of labour reforms to remove the '5 giants' identified by beveridge
Aneurin Bevan
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He gained the support of hospital consultants by promising them a salary and allowing them to treat private patients in NHS hospitals
Liberal reforms
Liberal party was the biggest party at the beginning of 20th century and set out to improve public health for all in England
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