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Unit 3 Why International peace collapsed in 1939 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 3 Why International peace collapsed in 1939
Hitler's aims
Expand German territory
the TOV took land and German minorities from Germany
Hitler want to take them back and create more living space
Defeat communism
hitler is an anti-communist
He believe that it is the Bolshevks who brought about defeat in WWI, and suspect a communist takeover in Germany
Abolish the TOV
He believed that the TOV is unfair for the Germans
He promised to reverse the treaty
He published his aim in Mein Kampf
Factors that made him successful
the worldwide depression
the actions of UK France and the US
What he did before appeasement
Rearmament
1933 the rearmament started secretly
1935 a massive rearmament started
1936 reintroduced conscription
1934 the rearmament conference collapsed
result
Boosted Nazi support
Britain is also sympathetic to germany and started dismantle some of the terms
1935 Naval pact: Germany can have a fleet 35% as large as UK's
UK also want to use a strong Germany as a buffer zone against communism
Saar plebiscite
1935 a plebiscite will decide where it will belong to
Joseph Gobbels lauched a massive propaganda wand won 90% suppport rate
Marching into Rhineland
March 1936 Hitler marched into Rhineland
What's special
This is violating the TOV
France and USSR just signed a Mutal pact to protect each other
Hitler used this as an excuse to march in the Rhineland
France was busy with Abyssinian crisis, the election in France is almost to start, nobody would bring France into a war
Spanish civil war
1936 civil war broke
USSR, UK, France supported the Republican government
Germany and Italy declared to support general Franco
strengthened relation between Germany and Italy
Made Hitler believe that UK will not intervene if he further violate TOV
Chamberlain is alamrmed and started massive rearming
Anschluss with Austria
Hitler tried to takeover Austria in1934 but was prevented by Mussolini
1938, there was a Nazi party in Austria, Hitler asked it to cause unrest
He ask Schuschnigg to go a plebiscite
Hitler marched troops into Austria, resulting 99.75% support (March 1938)
Anti-Comintern pact
1936 Germany and Japan signed it, while Italy signed 1937
Appeasement
For
the spreading communism in USSR feared western leaders, Germany is seen as a growing buffer zone agains communism
The British government don't think they can win a war with Germany, they only started rearming in 1936
Against
it is based on a mistaken idea that Hitler is trust worthy
Although some feel it is right for Germany to rearm to a average level, but it is seen that Germany's arm is better than many countries
Danger of war
Sudetenland 1938
Czech leader Benes is frightened by the Anchluss and felt Czech would be their necxt target
Benes is assured by UK, USSR and France leader for their protection
UK asked Hitler if he had any decisions, but was reassured
The Sudetenland included many former Germans and a Nazi party, the leader Konrad demanded that this should be part of Germany
Hitler threatened a war if necessary in May, put countries in alert, Britain started preparing.
In September, Hitler wanted parts of Sudetenland, and only if a plebiscite decides the result, Chamberlain agreed, but few days later Hitler wanted all of Sudetenland
To justify, he say that German are mistreated by the Government, British navy is mobilised.
Munich Agreement 1938 September
UK, France, Italy and Germany decided to give Hitler Sudetenland, without asking USSR or Czech
Czechoslovakia 1939
March 1939 Germany army took all Czechoslovakia
October 1938, Hitler announced to have no territorial demands, although 93%people doesn't believe
France and UK warned Germany if they invade Poland, war wll be declared
Nazi Soviet Pact 1939
1930-1935, Stalin felt disappointed to see a powerless league, UK seemed to do nothing to Germany rearmament and even wanted it as protection against Communist
during 1935 Mutal Pact and 1938 Munich agreement, he found UK and France powerless and won't care if USSR is invaded
while he talked with UK and France, he also talked with German minister Ribbentrop, and decided August 1939 to sign the pact
Stalin got some land that belonged to USSR, but most importantly, got time to deal with Hitler