What is organization?

•An organized group of people with a particular purpose.

For example :
a) Business company
b) government department.

•It is also an entity such as an institution or an association.

Types of organizations :

•Corporations - Google

•Governments - MARA

•Non-Government Organizations - Mercy Malaysia

•Political Organizations - Pakatan Harapan

•International Organizations - APPLE

•Armed Forces - Malaysian Army

•Educational Institutions - UITM

Types of organization structures :

•Functional Organization Structure -

•Divisional Structure Based on Products -

•Matrix Structure Combines (Functional + Divisional) -

•Flat Organization Structure -

Example of Craft Production

• Fashion
• Textiles
• Traditional Clothing
• Jewelry
• Decorative Arts
• Traditional Crafts
• Papermaking and Papercraft
• Printmaking
• Woodcraft Toys
  

1. Digital Workforce :

•A variety of robotic and automated
solutions for driving productivity
efficiencies in the workplace.

•It works along with human employees.

a set of management practices that attempt to create an environment within an organization where the employee has greater involvement and responsibility.

A system of manufacturing based on principles such as :

• the use of interchangeable parts
• large-scale production
• the high-volume.
  

Example of Mass Production

• Cars
• Chocolates Bar
• Electronic Goods

Concept

•The businesses should use digital transformation to :

a) Align technology, employees and business processed.
b) Improve operational efficiency.

Advantage of Mass Production

• Labor costs are often lower for mass-produced
• Economically Efficient
• Fast Production Rate
• Production Accuracy
  

It have become highly important as a source of competitive advantage in competitive business environment.

High-performance work practices:
to improve an organization's capacity to effectively attract, select, hire, develop, and retain high-performing personnel

Disadvantage of Mass Production

• Inflexible to consumer demand
• Disengaged workforce
• Difficult to restructure production
  

Benefits

•Flexibility
•Collaboration
•Productivity
•Compatibility
•Cost Reduction

Importance

•Able to low the dependence on a physical work location.
•The physical freedom of work can provide important changes in people work.

High-performance culture:
• behaviors and norms that leads an organization to achieve superior results
• setting clear business goals, defining employees' responsibilities, creating a trusting environment, and encouraging employees
• continuously grow and reinvent themselves.

10 Practical ways to promote a high-performance culture

1. Create private offices for every employee.
2. Set an open meeting policy.
3. Establish an open-book management policy.
4. Communicate a clear mission, vision and goals.
5. Create an anonymous feedback mechanism.
6. Give employees some control over their work environments.
7. incorporate new employees into the team quickly.
8. Develop objective pay policies.
9. Avoid creating an employee caste system.
10. Promote learning and growth at every opportunity.

Term Craft Production

• a manufacturing technique applied in the hobbies of handicraft
• need highly skilled workforce such as knowledge of design, machining, and fitting

3. Microsourcing

•The outsourcing is the transfer of the management / day-to-day execution of a business process to an external service provider.

•Microsourcing is the outsourcing provider
of choice for many small and medium
businesses.

Microsourcing also the engagement of one individual to undertake a task more cheaply.

•Crowdsourcing involves acquiring the inputs from people concurrently.

Refers to the interaction between society's complex infrastructure and human behavior

The sociotechnical system (STS) is devoted to the effective blending the technical and social systems of an organization

STS began at the mechanical level (hardware),
evolved an information level (devices + software),
then acquired a human level (IT + human +
computer interaction),
and then community level (STS)

STS focused on the social and technical together rather than technical issue in isolation

The work system design of STS is joint optimization between Social Subsystem, Technical Subsystem and External Subsystem

The socio-technical approach means considers the organization as composed of a social system, technical system and environment.

The contingency or situational approach recognizes that organizational systems are inter-related with their environment

• A work relies on the ability of individuals to create, obtain and apply knowledge to produce products or services
• Knowledge workers receive high salaries that reflect the complex nature of their work
• Knowledge workers play an important role in driving success in any organization

1. Specialized knowledge of a subject

• Have a specialized set of knowledge about a particular subject.
• For examples, IT, engineering, medical etc.
• Developing and gaining their skills and resources either through formal education or in the workplace.

2. The ability to find and access new information

• Employees will need to be familiar with a lot of material to perform their jobs well.
• Knowing how to find and access the resources and information they need is a crucial skill to have
  

3. The ability to utilize new information

• Employees must be able to take the information they accessed and use it to solve problems in new and innovative ways.
  

4. Good communication skills

• Able to communicate effectively through both speaking and writing
• Can work well in one-on-one and group settings
• Are able to collaborate with others to meet company goals.
  

5. A growth-motivated mindset

• Employees must have a growth-motivated mindset.
• Interested in learning and applying new information to change the way they work and use their talents.
  

• Computing
• Customer Service
• Leadership
• Problem Solving
• Communication
• Teamwork
• Leader Management

• Knowledge-driven work lead to knowledge-driven economy
• Knowledge economy is an economic system in which the production of goods and services
• Knowledge economy involves with jobs that need to be fulfilled in complex societies