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Muscles of the Head and Neck 2, Outline the Clinical Relevance of the…

- - - - Functions of the Muscles of the Anterior Triangle
        Outline the functions of the Muscles of the Anterior Triangle
        
        Suprahyoid Muscles are involved in swallowing and they move the Hyoid Bone and Larynx
        
        Suprahyoid Muscles form the floor of the Oral Cavity and they anchor the Tongue
        
        Infrahyoid Muscles (Strap Muscles) depress the Hyoid Bone and the Larynx as swallowing ends and during speaking
        
        Vasculature and Nerves of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck
        List the Vasculature and the Nerves of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck
        
        Anterior Triangle of the Neck has the following Vasculature:
        
        Common Carotid Artery
        
        External Carotid Artery
        
        Internal Carotid Artery
        
        Internal Jugular Vein
        
        Anterior Triangle of the Neck has the following Nerves:
        
        Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
        
        Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
        
        Vagus Nerve (CN X)
        
        Accessory nerve (CN XI)
        
        Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
        
        Subdivisions of the Anterior Triangle
        List the Subdivisions of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck
        
        Anterior Triangle of the Neck has the following subdivisions:
        
        Submental Triangle
        
        Submandibular Triangle
        
        Carotid Triangle
        
        Muscular Triangle
        
        List the contents of the Subdivisions of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck
        
        Subdivisions of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck contain the following structures:
        
        Submental Triangle contains:
        
        Submental Lymph Nodes
        
        Submandibular Triangle contains:
        
        Submandibular Gland
        
        Submandibular Lymph Nodes
        
        Facial Arteries and Facial nerve
        
        Carotid Triangle contains:
        
        Common Carotid Artery
        
        Internal Jugular Vein
        
        Hypoglossal Nerve
        
        Vagus Nerve
        
        Muscular Triangle contains:
        
        Infrahyoid Muscles
        
        Pharynx
        
        Thyroid Gland
        
        Parathyroid Glands
- - - - Arterial Vasculature of the Neck
        Outline the Arterial Vasculature of the Neck
        
        Aorta gives rise to the following main branches via the Aortic Arch:
        
        Ascending Aorta
        
        Thoracic Aorta
        
        Brachiocephalic Artery
        
        Left Common Carotid Artery
        
        Left Subclavian Artery
        
        Ascending Aorta
        
        Ascending Aorta extends from the Left ventricle to the Sternal Angle
        
        Ascending Aorta gives rise to the Left and Right Coronary Arteries
        
        Ascending Aorta supplies the Left Ventricle of the Heart
        
        Thoracic Aorta
        
        Thoracic Aorta extends from the T5-T12 Vertebrae
        
        Brachiocephalic Artery
        
        Brachiocephalic Artery supplies the Head, Neck and Right Upper Limb
        
        Brachiocephalic Artery gives rise to the Right Common Carotid Artery, and the Right Subclavian Artery
        
        Right Common Carotid Artery
        
        Right Common Carotid Artery supplies the Right Side of the Head and Neck
        
        Right Common Carotid Artery gives rise to the Right External Carotid Artery and Right Internal Carotid Artery
        
        Bifurcation of the Common Carotid Artery occurs at the Level of C5 and C6 Vertebrae
        
        Majority of the Face is supplied by the Branches of the External Carotid Artery
        
        ONLY one Branch of the Internal Carotid Artery supplies the Face which is known as the Ophthalmic Artery
        
        Right Subclavian Artery
        
        Right Subclavian Artery supplies the Neck and Right Upper Limb
        
        Right Subclavian Artery gives rise to the Right Vertebral Artery and Right Axillary Artery
        
        Right Axillary Artery
        
        Right Axillary Artery gives rise to Arteries of the Right Upper Limb
        
        Left Common Carotid Artery
        
        Left Common Carotid Artery supplies the Left Side of the Head and Neck
        
        Left Common Carotid Artery gives rise to the Left External carotid Artery and Left Internal Carotid Artery
        
        Left Subclavian Artery
        
        Left Subclavian Artery supplies the Neck and Left Upper Limbs
        
        Left Subclavian Artery gives rise to the Left Vertebral Artery and Left Axillary Artery
        
        Left Axillary Artery gives rise to Arteries of the Left Upper Limb
        
        Characteristics of the Arterial Vasculature of the Face and Neck
        Outline the Characteristics of the Common Carotid Artery, External and Internal Carotid Arteries
        
        Common Carotid Artery bifurcates at the level of C5 and C6 Vertebrae
        
        Majority of the Face is supplied by the Branches of the External Carotid Artery
        
        BUT ONLY ONE Branch of the Internal Carotid Artery supplies the Face
        
        This is known as the Ophthalmic Artery
        
        Branches of the External Carotid Artery
        List the Branches of the External Carotid Artery
        
        Majority of the Face is supplied by the Branches of the External carotid Artery
        
        ONLY ONE Branch of the Internal carotid Artery supplied the Face
        
        This is known as the Ophthalmic Artery
        
        Branches of the External Carotid Artery are placed into 4 Main groups:
        
        Anterior Group
        
        Superior Thyroid Artery
        
        Lingual Artery
        
        Facial Artery
        
        Medial Group
        
        Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
        
        Posterior Group
        
        Occipital Artery
        
        Posterior Auricular Artery
        
        Terminal Group
        
        Maxillary Artery
        
        Superficial Temporal Artery
        
        Branches of the Internal Carotid Artery:
        
        Ophthalmic Artery
- - - - External Jugular Vein
        Outline the characteristics of the External Jugular Vein
        
        External Jugular Vein drains the Temporal and Occipital Regions
        
        External Jugular Vein drains into the Subclavian Vein
        
        Main Tributaries of the External Jugular Vein:
        
        Anterior Jugular Vein
        
        Posterior External Jugular Vein
        
        Transverse Cervical Vein
        
        Suprascapular Vein
        
        Torticollis
        Define Torticollis
        
        Torticollis is a dystonic condition defined by an abnormal asymmetrical head or neck position
        
        Outline the characteristics features of Torticollis
        
        Characteristics of Torticollis:
        
        Mild frontal flattening
        
        Smaller and higher eye
        
        Elevated Ear
        
        Flattened Jaw
        
        Depression of Neck under the Ear
        
        Flattened Contralateral Ear
        
        Tilted Mandible
        
        Trigeminal Neuralgia
        Define Trigeminal Neuralgia
        
        Trigeminal Neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the Trigeminal Nerve
        
        Mild Stimulation of Trigeminal Nerve can trigger pain
        
        Facial Nerve (Bell's) Palsy
        Define Facial Nerve (Bell's) Palsy
        
        Facial Nerve (Bell's) Palsy is a neurological condition caused by the loss of partial or complete function of the Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
        
        Features of Cranial Nerve (Bell's) Palsy occur on the side where there is loss of partial or complete function of the Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
        
        List the Features of Facial Nerve (Bell's) Palsy
        
        Features of Facial Nerve (Bell's) Palsy:
        
        Inability to close eye resulting in irritation
        
        Asymmetrical facial muscle tone
        
        "Sagging" Face
        
        Asymmetrical Smile
        
        This is a Facial Nerve Palsy of the Right Side of the Face