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Conflict & change: - Coggle Diagram
Conflict & change:
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Media convergence = cross fertilisation of ideas, marketing and strategies. Businesses can sell media in different formats which means profits.
Castells: (2013)
Media is organised horizontally. Ideas can be channelled worldwide from the masses not just vertically from the state downwards.
Kirkpatrick: (2010)
New forms of digital communication have helped mobilise people to oppose inequality and campaign for justice.
The facebook effect:
Young Colombian engineer used facebook to mobilise 10 million people to the street in demonstration. Successful in curbing the kidnappings committed by the FARC. Helped people come together and overcome fear.
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The Arab spring:
Castells and Kassim:
Movement that occurred between 2012-12 which succeeded in removing dictatorship. Facebook scheduled, youtube showed reactions and twitter co-ordinated.
Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Syria and Bahrain.
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Criticisms:
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Wikileaks: challenges both the state and large corporations by publishing leaked documents about alleged corp and gov mis-conduct.
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Greater platform for shaping ideas and encouraging capitalism. Reinforces/maintains inequality and controls people.
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Some groups can't access it i.e. the digital underclass/ the old. Boyle each gen = more successive with media.
Snowden report:
In 2013 the US national security agent (NSA) specialist Snowden revealed widespread misuse of surveillance of digital forms of communication. British and US gov had been accessing personal private communication with the excuse that it was for national security interests e.g. terrorism.
Cambridge Analytica: in the 2010s thousands of personal data belonging to millions of facebook users was collected without their consent by British consulting firm CA for political advertising.
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Feminism:
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Growth of sex trade, revenge porn and child porn/grooming.
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Cochrane
Encouraging women to build an empowering, reactive feminist movement online.
Protest agains't pornography. Mia Khalifa. Violence agains't women. The abolishment of page 3 in The Sun.
Intersectional form of feminism: women are aware of how multiple oppressions intersect to bring around misogyny.
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Today, social media plays a large role in social reform campaigns and was harnessed in 2014 by British actress Emma Watson, on behalf of the United Nations, to launch a campaign for gender equality called #HeForShe.
Bauman:
Arm chair activism: social networks = new opium of people only sounds they hear are the echos of their voice and reflection of their faces.
Globalisation:
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Mcluhan: 'global village'. D.C. is giant central nervous system or matrix that connects everyone in one super-culture.
On a macro level it means goods, services, money, climate issues, terror, crime and religion etc. cross national borders quickly.
Waters: social process in which the constraints on geography on economic, political, social and cultural arrangements have declined.
Howard (2011): even in 1999 it was clear that the internet was playing a role in Christian fundamentalist groups. He found online network of Christians.
Digital Jesus and how like-minded individuals created a large web of religious communication on the internet. No central leader or institution.
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Sutton, Palen and Shklovski (2007):
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Study on Southern California Wildfires suggests community info resources and backchannel communication activity enabled by social media are taking important role in disaster arena.
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This emergent use of social media suggests the beginning of broader future to the institutional and organizational arrangements of disaster response.a
In 2018, the USA National Weather Service asked people to use Facebook and Twitter to spread important safety messages and posts about tsunamis.
The dark net is an encrypted part of the internet used by criminals to buy/sell illegal goods. Criminal gangs can exploit women and children - trafficking and sex-slaves.
Downfalls for Women:
- Women who use D.C. still subject to sexism. M.P Stella Creasy who received threats and sexist abuse via Twitter.
- Green and Singleton: online communities that are popular with women e.g. mumsnet - reinforce patriarchal ideology that women should perform emotional work of maintaining family relationships.