Reducing the
Development Gap

Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs)

2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)

What are they?

created in
Sep 2000

created to 'establish peace
and a healthy global economy'

highlight major issues like:

  • children's health
  • female empowerment
  • sustainable environment
  • poverty
  • disease
  • development

set to be
achieved
by 2015

What are
aims?

Why created?

new century was cause for optimism
& to do something meaningful

in 1999, half of world's population
in LEDCs living on less than $1.25 a day

infant and maternal mortality
rates remained stubbornly high

education not
universally
available

role of women displayed
serious inequalities

many LEDCs in serious debt caused
by large-scale borrowing to finance development projects in 19602

pattern of international trade favouring
MEDCs at huge expense of LEDCs

What were
aims?

reduce poverty + its associated
problems, including lack of
employment, hunger +
disease (goal 1,2,4,5,6)

work towards environmental
sustainability (goal 7)

promote gender
equality (goal 3)

establish global partnership
for development (goal 8)

What were impacts
on global develp.?

MDG1
eradicate extreme
poverty + hunger

  1. halve between 1990 + 2015
    proportion of people whose
    income less than £1 a day
    most successful

successes

failures

  • in 1990 - 47% of ppl living
    on less than $1.25 but by
    2015 - only 14%
  • in 1990 - 1.9bn people fell
    below poverty line + target
    to reduce no. by half was
    achieved by 2010 -
    5 yrs ahead of schedule
  • still 14% of
    population living
    in extreme poverty
  • Sub-Saharan Africa unable to
    achieve target reduction with 41%
    of the regions population in 2015 still
    living in extreme poverty
  1. achieve full and productive employment
    and decent work for all, including women
    and young people
    least successful

successes

  • figure dropped from 1926mil
    in 1990 to 836mil in 2015
  • no. of employees living in extreme
    poverty reduced in 25yrs from 50%
    to 11% in 2015
  • 2/3 decline in
    no. of people in
    extreme poverty

failures

  • only 4 in 10 (young men + women
    aged 15-24) are employed in 2015
    compared to 5 in 10 in 1991
  • 10% drop while partly due to staying
    in school longer
  • 74 million youth looking for
    jobs globally - 3x higher than
    adult number

YOUTH MAJORLY
AFFECTED

  1. halve between 1990 and 2015, the
    proportion who suffer from hunger

MDG2
achieve universal
primary education

successes

  • figure decreased from 23.3%
    in 1990-1992 to 12.9% between
    2014-2016 (10.4% decrease)
  • proportion of underweight children
    (another indicator of hunger) reduced
    by 50% worldwide since 1990
  • countries in E+S Asia, N Africa
    and Latin America reached target

failures

  • didn't reach 'cutting 1/2'
    target that was set
  • Sub-Saharan Africa,
    Caribbean + parts S.Asia
    still below target
  • approx 780mil ppl in
    LEDCs still suffer from hunger

by 2015 - children
everywhere (boys + girls)
would be able
to complete full course of
primary school

successes

failures

  • progress accelerated
    considerably since 2000
  • primary school completion rate
    dropped short of 100% to 91% for
    developing countries since 2009
  • real challenges lie in Sub-Saharan
    Africa which lags behind with 70%
    primary completion rate - 2012
  • 80% out of school children
    live in S.Asia + SS.Africa
  • only 35% of developing countries
    are on track to meet MDG2
  • 28% seriously off track + unlikely
    to achieve target even by 2030
  • 17% LEDCs - data
    availability remains
    inadequate
    to assess progress

in 2012 - only 15% of children in
rural areas completed primary

boys more likely than
girls to enrol + stay in school

  • East Asia, Pacific,
    Europe + Central Asia -
    close to/have reached
    target
  • Middle East + N.Africa
    steadily mproved to 95%
    in 2012
  • S.Asia reached 91% in
    2009 but progress slow
  • in LEDCs - no. children
    not attending school
    has halved since 1996

in 2012 - more than 90% of
children in urban areas
completed primary

What are they?

complete work set out
in MDG programme

safeguard human rights
and gender equality

stimulate action in the 5Ps:

  • PEOPLE - end poverty + hunger in all forms and ensure dignity and equality
  • PLANT - protect our planet's natural resources and climate for future generations
  • PARTNERSHIP - implement the agenda through a solid global partnership
  • PEACE - foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies
  • PROSPERITY - ensures prosperous and fulfilling lives in harmony with nature

implement policies that will
promote sustainable development

set of 17 universally
applicable,
integrated objectives

accompanied by total of 169
concrete targets and indicators

How SDGs built
on MDGs?

MDGs issues -

many regional
variations

some goals not met (gender
equality + maternal healthcare)

more than 120mil worldwide
still lack basic literacy skills +
60% are women

  1. SDGs are built on MDGs and
    aim to go further and end poverty in
    ALL FORMS
  1. SDGs are unique and call
    for action by all countries
  1. new global goals cover more
    ground - ambitions addressing
    inequalities, decent jobs, climate
    change, human settlements
  1. new goals apply to all
    MEDCs + LEDCs
  1. core feature of SDGs is strong
    focus on implementation - hoped
    financial institutions + private corporation join to deliver SDGs
  1. new goals recognise tackling
    climate change is essential for
    sustainable development +
    poverty eradication