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FINAL YEARS - Coggle Diagram
FINAL YEARS
CONSERVATIVE FACTION
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Victories in late 1530s / early 1540s - the Six Articles had enshrined in law their belief that religious innovation should be limited, had seen Thomas Cromwell fall from power, had increased access to Henry through his new wife, Catherine Howard.
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Catherine was beheaded for treason in Feb 1542 and the men implicated in her adultery were executed. Did serious damage to the conservative group, even though the Duke of Norfolk proclaimed his outrage at what his niece had done.
Catholic individuals trying to influence Henry's government/policies/religious changes to be Catholic.
The conservatives tried to break the friendship of Henry and Cranmer in 1543 by suggesting the archbishop was dabbling in Protestant heresy. The King rejected these allegations and put Cranmer in charge of the investigation into the claims.
Henry married Catherine Parr in July 1543, she was close to the Seymour family and a Protestant sympathiser. In 1546 the conservative faction accused members of her household of heresy. Henry supported his wife.
FACTION
The King's decision not to appoint a chief minister encouraged the increase in factions in the 1540s.
EXAMPLES - Anne Boleyn faction inducing the Reformation, Conservative faction defending Catherine of Aragon during the King's Great Matter, reformists pressing for Protestant policies, e.g. dissolution of the monasteries.
Those differences were being used to advance the interests of particular families and their relatives.
Refers to the fragmentation of the political system into separate groups competing against each other for patronage and advancement, and in the process, reducing the effectiveness of govt.
The 'jockeying' of the King's attention reflected the differences in attitudes towards the Reformation.
An important feature at court from the late 1530s onwards, meant no single person enjoyed the total confidence of the King,
It's believed Henry encouraged factionalism as he was fully aware of the manoeuvrings of his courtiers. Sheer egotism - enjoyment of watching noblemen and counsellors fighting for royal attention. However, some historians question whether Henry was actually in control of events, a sickly bystander?
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EDWARD VI
REGENCY COUNCIL - a council of 16 men, named by Henry. The reform group dominated the membership of the council. Established to rule on Edward VI's behalf. Henry had a plan of govt by committee to protect his son's interests.
These plans changed because it was too ambitious and unusual a scheme to work. 3 days after Henry's death the council appointed the Earl of Hertford, Edward Seymour, as Lord Protector, revising the traditional idea of a regency led by someone close to the king-in-waiting.
DRY STAMP - the holder of the stamp could make an impression of the royal signature on to the paper, then ink in the outline to create an almost perfect copy of the King's handwriting. Using the stamp the reform faction could legalise any document they chose. This included an altered version of Henry VIII's will which left the succession as Henry had agreed in the 1544 Succession Act, but added provisions that strengthened the power of the Regency Council.
Hertford took the title of Duke of Somerset and used the power granted to the council to promote supporters with new titles and positions in govt. Began to appoint his own Privy Council, drawing on a wider circle of men than the will had envisaged.
REFORMIST FACTION
Associated with: foreign policy success in Scotland, fall of Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr (Henry's 6th wife), plot against Gardiner in 1544, and arrest of Norfolk in 1546.
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Accepted the Break with Rome, saw it as an opportunity to reform the Church with Protestant doctrine.
Protestant individuals trying to influence Henry's government/policies/religious changes to be Protestant.