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Victorian Literature, Culture, and Power, The Way Forward is __ (Future…

- - - - Some believed that Ayesha's character worked as a way to show that if you let a woman in power (ie not in the domestic sphere), they they'll make bad choices
      - Femme fatale: a woman who uses her sexuality to manipulate men; sexuality is her weapon
  - - - Denial of coevalness: countries that didn't follow Western ideals were bad; Western traits and ways of ruling were the logical end point for countries "stuck in the past"
      - Orientalism: festishization of non-western countries who acted as opposites to the West; was more about how the West thought about itself rather than what was actually happening in that country
  - - - Climatological theory: racial characteristics came from the climate you lived in, not your lineage
- - - - Hellenic pederastic ideal, intellectual benefit for society to privilege the relationships of older men and young boys over heterosexual relarionships or same-age male ones, emphasizes love and spirit
      - Old Chivalry: love between men and woman; New Chivalry: intergenerational gay love, spiritual love between men
  - - - "The man's power is active, progressive, defensive. He is eminently the doer, the creator, the discoverer, the defender."
    - - from "The Women of England" by Sarah Stickney Ellis
      - "I still cling fondly to the hope that some system of female instruction will be discovered, by which the young women of England may be sent from school to the homes of their parents, habituated to be on the watch for every opportunity of doing good to others; making it the first and last inquiry of every day, "What can I do to make my parents, my brothers, or my sisters, more happy?"
  - - - Says not to act on behalf of the working class and that there is a natural progression to society while also arguing that industrialization improved things
        
        Macaulay himself supported the middle class over the aristocracy; capitalism, industrialization, free markets
    - - Addresses workers and ties suffering of the working class to aspects that the middle class would appeal to/understand
        
        Engels was a communist who co-wrote the Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx
- - - - Said that your social class no longer determined your worth but that psychology (what goes on in your mind) does that
      - "Domestic fiction unfolded the operations of human desire as if they were independent of political history. And this helped to create the illusion that desire was entirely subjective and therefore essentially different from the politically encodable forms of behavior to which desire gave rise" (469).
  - - - Oscar Wilde wrote The Portrait of Dorian Gray, a book that is said to have homoerotic undertones (or maybe overtones)
        
        The trials of Oscar Wilde solidified and showed a shifting of sexual ideas and practices; homosexual male as the opposite of the bourgeois male; production of the homosexual equaled control of the social order through fear
- - - - Speech equals liberation but speech itself is also repression because in the modern world, society is set up so that sexual liberation won't ever be reached. Because of this, everyone should recognize that they won't ever be liberated.
  - - - Carlyle believed society should be led by powerful businessmen
        
        "Only by controlling the working class can they truly be free"