Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Linguistics, we can talk about a specific language or about language as…
Linguistics
Concept
Human language
complex of knowledge and abilities
Enabling speakers to
communicate each other
express ideas , hypotheses,emotions, desires, etc
Study of these knowledge systems in all their aspects:
how it is structured
how it is acquired
how it is used
how does it change over time
Part of Linguistics
concerned with structure of language
divided into
subfields
PHONETICS
Study of speech in their physical aspect
PHONOLOGY
Rules for putting sounds together
MORPHOLOGY
Rules for making words
SYNTAX
Study of the formation of sentences
SEMANTICS
Study of meaning
Importance
provides historical context to word origin
to help students
a better comprehension of the language
teacher training
English teacher
give informed instructions
English
Pronounciation, Spelling, Vocabulary and grammar
Also
idiomatic language use
collocations and strategies
Teachers
should study linguistics because:
if they know how language works they can use language efectively
need to know how to use language to learn, in order to understand how the process takes place and what happen when it doesn't
the understanding of basic language structures and processes will help them to make good decisions
Language
Term language can refer to:
The particular form of words and speech used by the people of a country, area or social group.
The method of human communication using spoken or written words
Communication is not a set of ready-made messages. It must enable us to produce and understand new words, phrases and sentences. It must be creative, but with boundaries
As a form of human communication
Animals can communicate but they do not have language
in the sense that humans do.
Language is a major attribute of humans
Characteristics of human language
Displacement
Ability to use language to refer to the past, future or other locations. We can talk about things that are present or don't exist
Arbitrariness
There's no relation between the sign and their meaning. It's conventional and arbitrary
Productivity
The number of utterances in human language is infinite. We create new utterances all the time
Cultural Transmissions
Not all aspects of language are innate, some of them are transmitted from one generation to another
Grammar
A mental system that allows human to form and interpret the words and sentences of their language
It has properties
Generality
All languages have grammar. They have a sound system, a system for forming words, a way of organizing words into sentences, etc
Equality
All languages are equally valid. There's no language that has more value than another
Changeability
Languages change over time. Humans change, societies change, and the language change along with it
Universality
There are some universal properties that are common to all human languages.
In phonology all languages have vowels and consonants, all languages make a distinction between nouns and verbs, etc
Tacitness
Everything we know about language is subconscious, that we acquired as a child.
We can't explain how we can form complex sentences in your native language
we can talk about a specific language or about language as such