Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 11, Chapter 15 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 11
-
-
How is DNA compact?
DNA wraping (around nucleoside, forms nucleosomes. shortens length 7x)
30 nm fiber (nucleosomes 3D zigzag, shortens length 7x)
radical loop domains (interaction between 30nm fibres + nuclear matrix)
Heterochromatin : very condensed DNA', Euchromatin : lightly packed DNA converting chromatin
-
-
DNA polymerase:
-
-Only from 5' to 3' - Leading strands ( DNA synthesized as one long molecule in 5' to 3' -lagging strand (DNA synthesized as okazaki fragments in 5' to 3') -Okazaki fragments consist of RNA primer +DNA - Both strands: RNA primers removed by DNA polymerase and replaced with DNA, DNA ligase join fragments
Chapter 15
Meiosis
TelophaseI: sister chromatids reach respective chromatids+ de-condense+ nucleus forms. Then CYTOKINESIS occuts
-
AnaphaseI: segregation of homologous pairs, sister chromatids stay together
Metaphase II : sister chromatids along metaphase plate, each pair to both poles
-
-
Prometaphase I:chromatids attach to kinetechore microtubules, each pair of chromatids attached to single pole
TelophaseII: Chromosome decondense, nuclear envelope reforms, cleavage furrow separates +Cytokinesis
Prohase1 :bivalent form(synapsis)+ crossing over, rest is same as mitosis
Mitosis
-
2) Prometaphase nuclear membrane fully broken, spindle forms, centromemeres move to opp sides.
4) anaphase: shortening of kinetochore micro tubules, sister chromatids broken
-
1) pro-phase: sister chromatids, nuclear membrane begins to break, condensed chromosome
-
-
-
Chromosomes
.Chromosomal mutations: Deletions, duplications: inversions, translocation
.Changes in chrpmosone no.: Euploid (1 or more), polyploid (3 or more), areuploidy (abnormal)
.Chromosone identification: Size, centromere location, banding pattern
-
Aneuploidy
-
Monosomic: missing copy (2n-1) , occurs due to non disjunction