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Tonsillitis and adenoditis - Coggle Diagram
Tonsillitis and adenoditis
Definition
Is the infection and inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side
Causes
Tonsillitis is most often caused by common viruses, but bacterial infections can also be the cause.
The most common bacterium causing tonsillitis is Streptococcus pyogenes
Clinical manifestations
Stomachache, particularly in younger children.
White or yellow coating or patches on the tonsils .
Sore throat
Difficult on painful in swallowing
Red, swollen tonsils
Fever
Swollen lymph nodes
Headache
Stifg neck
Nursing management
Patient should be encouraged to rest , increase fluid intake and take medication as prescribed by the Doctor
Aftre tonsillectomy and adenodectomy
The patient should be placed in the recovery position until awake and alert, and can cough and swallow normally. The nurse should then make the following observations
While the patient is still unconscious, observe for any signs of swallowing as this may indicate bleeding from the operated site
When awake, the patient should be provided with a kidney dish to spit into. Observe the colour of the sputum. If there is blood, note the amount and report it if it is profuse.
The oropharynx and mouth should be inspected for fresh blood. Report if present.
Vital signs should be monitored every 15-30 minutes for the first 12-24 hours for early detection of haemorrhage. A fast thready pulse is an indication of haemorrhage.
Throat pain and otalgia in the first 7-10 days are common after a tonsillectomy, therefore an analgesic can be prescribed and administered accordingly.
Prescribed antibiotics must be taken to complete the course and reduce the risk of wound infection.
Pathophysiology
Infection of the tonsils and adenoids may be secondary to upper respiratory tract infection.
The tonsils become oedematous and hyperaemic. A thin, white membrane that peels away easily without bleeding forms over the tonsil.
There is a purulent exudate from the crypts of the tonsil. In chronic tonsillitis, the tonsils are enlarged and infected.
This usually results in enlarged adenoids, which may cause nasal obstruction, and neck and cervical lymph node enlargement.