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Chapter 4, Chapter 6, Chapter 5, Eisha Te Razia , 202007904, L54 - Coggle…
Chapter 4
Endomembrane System
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Golgi apparatus: secretion processing, protein sorting
lysosomes: breaks molecules with acid hydro lases, Autophagy occurs here
perioxisomes: detoxification of water with catalase, metabolism of fats and amino acids
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plasma membrane: transport, signalling, adhesion
Protein sorting
Cotranslational: protein with ER sorting signal :check: translation pause :check: complete polypeptide in ER :check: stays in ER \ moves to the golgi apparatus by vesicles
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Chapter 6
Thermodynamic Laws:
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G=H-TS, gibbs free energy= enthaply-temp change*Entropy
Enzymes components
2) co-factors: inorganics temporary, e.g. Fe2+, Zn2+
3) Co-enzymes: organic, temporary, uncganged, eg: FAD\NAD+
1) prosthetic groups( small, inorganic, permanent), e.g. here hemoglobin
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Enzyme s
Lower Ea by straining reactants bonds, position reactants together, change local environment.
As substrate concentration increases, rate of reaction also inc. , until Vmax is reached ( all active sites are occupied, saturation)
Km: substrate conc. when velocity at half maximal( high Km =lower affinity between enzymes and substrate ; more substrate needed)
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Inhibition
Competitive : reversible if more substrate added (high Km, constant Vmax )
Non- competitive: binds to the allosteric site, dec Vmax, constant Km, eg. feedback inhibition
Chapter 5
lipid synthesis
2) bonds to glycerol-phosphate, inserted in ER leaflet with acyl transfer ease
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glycosylation
1) N-linked : in the ER, the carb :check: N atom in polypeptides transported to cell surface
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2) O-linked: in golgi, carb :check: O atom in polypeptide, component of mucus
Proteins in membrane
trans membrane proteins: held in place as hydrophobic domain, held place by hydrophobic exclusion
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Fluidity
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increase in fluidity by shorter fatty acid tails, double bonds in fatty acid tails, presence of cholesterol at low temp ( at high it stiffens+ stabilizes)
Eisha Te Razia , 202007904, L54