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Mechanisms - Coggle Diagram
Mechanisms
Molecular Interaction to Cellular Response
Types
CO
Bind stronger to heme Fe2+ of hemoglobin than O2
Results in Anemia
Tetrodotoxin
Saxitoxin
Aflatoxin B1
Inhibition of AchE
Mechanisms of Repair
Molecular
Reversed
Replaced
Cellular
Survivors divide to replace lost cells
Tissue
Damaged cell eliminated in 2 ways
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
Membrane intact
Shrinking cytoplasm/nucleus
ATP dependent
X inflammatory response
Necrosis
Severe damage
Loss membrane integrity
Swelling cytoplasm
No energy requirment
Inflammatory response
Proliferation follows apoptosis/necrosis
Novel tissues to replace removed damaged tissue
Failure of repair
Uncontrolled proliferation
Carcinogenicity
Fibrosis
Toxicant to Molecular Interaction
Type of Interationc
Covalent Binding
Rxns w/ macromolecules
Non-covalent binding
Structural Similarity
Antagonist
Blocks signal
Agonist
Stimulates signal
Competition for physiological receptor
No Structural Similarity
Blocker
reduced permeability
Modulator
Increased permeability
Interaction w/ ion channels or enzymes
Reactive Oxygen Species
Damage to
Protein
Inactivation
DNA
mutation
Lipids
Lipid Peroxidation
disturbs membrane structure
AKA
Free radical
Oxygen Radical
Cause
unstable molecule that contains oxygen easily reaction w/ other molec in cell
Haber-Weiss rxn
Toxicant
2 types
Directly toxic
E.g.
Metals
Strong Base/Acid
Nicotine
Metabolic Activation
Insertion of electrons
Reactive Groups